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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glaucoma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальный журнал Глаукома</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Journal glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-4104</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-6862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glaucoma-192</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СПОСОБЫ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ГЛАУКОМНОЙ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ НЕЙРОПАТИИ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ НА КРЫСАХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RAT MODELS OF GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NEUROPATHY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела глаукомы</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Leading Research Associate of the Glaucoma Department</p><p>11А Rossolimo st., Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суббот</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Subbot</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории фундаментальных исследований в офтальмологии</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11А  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of fundamental research in Ophthalmology</p><p>11А Rossolimo st., Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габашвили</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabashvili</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории фундаментальных исследований в офтальмологии</p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Research Associate, Laboratory of fundamental research in Ophthalmology</p><p>11А Rossolimo st., Moscow, 119021</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волжанин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volzhanin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волжанин Андрей Вячеславович, ординатор </p><p>119021, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p><p>11А Rossolimo st., Moscow, 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avolzhanin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Витков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vitkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент</p><p>119048, Москва, Малая Трубецкая ул., 8 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p><p>8 Malaya Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119048</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров С.Ю., Суббот А.М., Габашвили А.Н., Волжанин А.В., Витков А.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров С.Ю., Суббот А.М., Габашвили А.Н., Волжанин А.В., Витков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov S.Y., Subbot A.M., Gabashvili A.N., Volzhanin A.V., Vitkov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/192">https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/192</self-uri><abstract><p>Использование экспериментальных моделей глаукомы in vivo позволяет расширить знания о патогенезе развития глаукомной оптической нейропатии (ГОН). Важным критерием выбора экспериментального животного является возможность экстраполяции экспериментальных данных на человека. В обзоре рассмотрены основные модели экспериментальной глаукомы на грызунах, а также особенности техники выполнения с учетом их анатомии и физиологии. Использование крыс в моделировании глаукомы обладает такими преимуществами, как доступность и быстрое прогрессирование заболевания. Различают генетические модели, основанные на врожденном нарушении гидродинамики вследствие мутации генов, и индуцированные модели, к которым относятся повышение внутриглазного давления (ВГД) и инициирование нейропатии без влияния на офтальмотонус. Методы, основанные непосредственно на воздействии на гидродинамику глаза, приводят к повышению офтальмотонуса и последующему развитию ГОН. К ним относят термическое, механическое и лазерное воздействие на пути оттока. Оптическая нейропатия без повышения ВГД может быть смоделирована с помощью механического повреждения зрительного нерва, ишемии с последующей реперфузией, эксайтотоксического фактора, а также интравитреального введения эндотелина-1 или бенгальского розового с последующей фотостимуляцией. В генетических моделях используются грызуны с врожденными изменениями в дренажной системе глаза из-за мутаций семейства DBA и α1-субъединицы коллагена I типа, синтеза измененного миоциллина, экспрессии кальцитонинподобного рецептора, что приводит к развитию стойкой ГОН. Имеющийся к настоящему моменту широкий спектр методик воспроизведения глаукомного процесса у грызунов является перспективным и важным элементом исследований in vivo, посвященных патогенезу и лечению глаукомы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Experimental in vivo glaucoma models allow expanding the knowledge of the glaucomatous optic neuropathy pathogenesis. An important criterion of choosing an experimental animal model is the ability to extrapolate received data to humans. This review covers main models of experimental glaucoma in rodents and its technology, including rodent anatomy and physiology specifics. Using rats in glaucoma modeling offers the advantage of fast disease progression and ease of use. Genetic models are based on congenital impairment of intraocular hydrodynamics due to gene mutation; induced models refer to artificial intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation or initiation of neuropathy without affecting the aqueous outflow. Methods aimed at hydrodynamics alteration lead to IOP increase and thus to glaucomatous optic neuropathy development. These include thermic, mechanical and laser effects on the aqueous humor outflow. Optic neuropathy without affecting IOP can be caused by mechanical impairment of the optic nerve, ischemia followed by reperfusion, excitotoxicity, or intravitreal injection of endothelin-1 or rose bengal with following photostimulation. Genetic glaucoma models include rodents with congenital impairment of eye drainage zone due to gene mutations, such as DBA gene family and α1-subunits of I-type collagen mutation, synthesis of altered myocilin or calcitonin receptorlike receptor expression. The current range of rodent glaucoma modelling methods is a perspective and important part of in vivo studies, related to glaucoma pathogenesis and treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>моделирование глаукомы</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные животные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>: glaucoma</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>glaucoma model</kwd><kwd>experimental animals</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бауэр С.М., Товстик П.Е., Качанов А.Б. К вопросу о построении математической модели развития глаукомы. Российский журнал биомеханики 1999; 3(2):9-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauer S.M., Tovstik P.E., Kachanov A.B. On the question of creating a mathematical model of glaucoma development. Rossiyskiy zhurnal biomekhaniki 1999; 3(2):9-10. 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Jpn J Ophthalmol 1998; 42(5):337-344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
