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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glaucoma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальный журнал Глаукома</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Journal glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-4104</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-6862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glaucoma-203</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Электронная микроскопия трабекулярного аппарата человека в норме и при глаукоме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Electron microscopy of human trabecular meshwork in normal and glaucomatous eyes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аветисов</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avetisov</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, профессор, научный руководитель</p><p>119021, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11А.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> RAS Academician, Professor, Scientific Director</p><p>11А Rossolimo st., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела глаукомы</p><p>119021, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11А.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Med.Sc.D., Leading Research Associate</p><p>11А Rossolimo st., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">post@glaucomajournal.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравчик</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchik</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p><p>119021, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11А.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p><p>11А Rossolimo st., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аветисов С.Э., Петров С.Ю., Кравчик М.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аветисов С.Э., Петров С.Ю., Кравчик М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avetisov S.E., Petrov S.Y., Kravchik M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/203">https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/203</self-uri><abstract><p>Сопротивление оттоку внутриглазной жидкости (ВГЖ) является одной из распространенных причин повышения внутриглазного давления (ВГД). Ультраструктурное изменение трабекулярного аппарата изучается при помощи сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) и трансмиссионной микроскопии (ТЭМ). Трабекулярная сеть (ТС) состоит из увеальной трабекулы, корнеосклеральной трабекулы и юкстаканаликулярного слоя, прилежащего к эндотелию шлеммова канала (ШК). При первичной открытоугольной глаукоме (ПОУГ) происходит поражение юкстаканаликулярной ткани и дезорганизация коллагеновых волокон; накапливается гомогенный материал повышенной электронной плотности, который вызывает обструкцию пор внутренней стенки ШК. Выдвинуто предположение о существенной роли внеклеточного вещества юкстаканаликулярного слоя ТС в ретенции ВГЖ. При псевдоэксфолиативной глаукоме (ПЭС) между волокнами ТС формируется иррегулярный сетевидный псевдоэксфолиативный материал, накапливаются гранулы пигмента. При закрытоугольной глаукоме (ЗУГ) повреждение с элементами клеточновоспалительной реакции распространяется со стороны увеального тракта. Несмотря на большое количество данных о патологическом материале, присутствующем в ТС при глаукоме, остается неизвестным, какая доля этих находок может быть объяснена артефактами, возникающими под воздействием экстремальных условий на биологические образцы при электронной микроскопии, что требует дальнейших исследований в этой области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aqueous humor (AH) outflow resistance is one of the main causes of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The ultrastructural trabecular changes are evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission microscopy (TEM). The trabecular meshwork (TM) consists of the uveal trabecula, the corneoscleral trabecula and the juxtacanalicular tissue, which is attached to the endothelium of the Schlemm’s canal (SC). In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the juxtacanalicular tissue disintegrates, and disorganization of collagen fibers occurs; a homogeneous electron dense material accumulates, which causes obstruction of the SC’s inner wall. It has been suggested that the extracellular matrix of the juxtacanalicular layer plays an important role in AH retention. In patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG), an irregular networklike pseudoexfoliation is formed between the TC fibers, and pigment granules accumulate in the trabecula. In closedangle glaucoma (CAG) the damage occurs in the uveal tract. Also, the role of cell-inflammatory response is significant. Currently, there is no data on what proportion of pathological material in TM can be attributed to electron microscopy artifacts, which appear under extreme conditions. Further research is needed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>трабекула</kwd><kwd>шлеммов канал</kwd><kwd>юкстаканаликулярная ткань</kwd><kwd>псевдоэксфолиативная глаукома</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>trabecula</kwd><kwd>Shlemm’s canal</kwd><kwd>uxtacanalicular tissue</kwd><kwd>pseudoexfoliation glaucoma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Либман Е.С., Шахова Е.В. Слепота и инвалидность вследствие патологии органа зрения в России. Вестник офтальмологии. 2006; 122(1):35-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Libman E.S., Shakhova E.V. Blindness and disability due to pathology of the organ of vision in Russia. Vestn Oftalmol. 2006; 122(1):35-37. 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