glaucomaНациональный журнал ГлаукомаNational Journal glaucoma2078-41042311-6862Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”10.25700/NJG.2019.02.11glaucoma-252Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEW OF LITERATUREОсобенности детской глаукомы: обзор литературыCongenital glaucoma: literature reviewЛазареваА. К.LazarevaA. K.

Лазарева Анастасия Константиновна - врач-офтальмолог.

630096, Российская Федерация, Новосибирск, ул. Колхидская, 10

M.D.

10 Kolkhidskaya str.,Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630096

nastya.laz@mail.ruКулешоваО. Н.KuleshovaO. N.

Д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой офтальмологии.

630096, Российская Федерация, Новосибирск, ул. Колхидская, 10

630091, Российская Федерация, Новосибирск, ул. Красный проспект, 52

Med.Sc.D., Professor, Head of the Ophthalmology Department.

10 Kolkhidskaya str.,Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630096

52 Krasnyi prospect str., Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630091

АйдагуловаС. В.AidagulovaS. V.

Д.биол.н., профессор.

630091, Российская Федерация, Новосибирск, ул. Красный проспект, 52

Ph.D. in Biological sciences, Professor.

52 Krasnyi prospect str., Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630091

ЧерныхВ. В.ChernykhV. V.

Д.м.н., профессор, директор.

630096, Российская Федерация, Новосибирск, ул. Колхидская, 10

Med.Sc.D., Professor, Director.

10 Kolkhidskaya str.,Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630096

ФГАУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава РФ, Новосибирский филиалРоссияThe S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk departmentRussian FederationФГАУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава РФ, Новосибирский филиал; ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РФРоссияThe S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk department; Novosibirsk State Medical University of Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РФРоссияNovosibirsk State Medical University of Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation201913122019182102112Copyright © Лазарева А.К., Кулешова О.Н., Айдагулова С.В., Черных В.В., 20192019Лазарева А.К., Кулешова О.Н., Айдагулова С.В., Черных В.В.Lazareva A.K., Kuleshova O.N., Aidagulova S.V., Chernykh V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/252

Несмотря на редкую частоту встречаемости детской глаукомы в рутинной практике врача-офтальмолога, статус инвалидизирующего заболевания диктует необходимость максимально внимательно и настороженно относиться к данной группе пациентов. Трудности постановки диагноза, выбора оптимального алгоритма лечения и последующей тактики наблюдения пациентов с детской глаукомой обусловили необходимость подробного освещения данной патологии с аккумуляцией и систематизацией данных различных источников. В обзоре объединены концепции этиологии, патогенеза, классификации, а также акцентировано внимание на диагностических критериях и терапевтических подходах при ведении пациентов с детской глаукомой. Детализированы современные данные по генетике заболевания, освещены основополагающие механизмы развития глаукомы у детей, а также рассмотрены различные классификационные системы. Приведены международные критерии для постановки диагноза. Отмечена важность выбора патогенетически обоснованной хирургической методики. Особо подчеркнута значимость своевременной верификации диагноза и, соответственно, незамедлительно начатого лечения, так как, несмотря на агрессивность и рефрактерность заболевания, при срочно и адекватно принятых мерах возможно сохранение достаточно высоких зрительных функций для ведения пациентом в дальнейшем независимого образа жизни.

Despite the rare incidence of childhood glaucoma in the routine practice of an ophthalmologist, the status of a disabling disease dictates the need to treat this group of patients as carefully and warily as possible. Difficulties with the diagnosis, the choice of the optimal treatment algorithm and the subsequent tactics of monitoring patients with pediatric glaucoma necessitated detailed coverage of this pathology with the accumulation and systematization of data from various sources. The review combines the concepts of etiology, pathogenesis, classification, and also focuses on diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches in the management of patients with pediatric glaucoma. The current data on the genetics of the disease are detailed, the underlying mechanisms for the development of glaucoma in children are highlighted, and various classification systems are also reviewed. International criteria for diagnosis are also included. Attention is drawn to the importance of choosing a pathogenetically substantiated surgical technique. The importance of timely verification of the diagnosis and promptly initiated treatment is emphasized. Despite the aggressiveness and refractory nature of the disease, it is possible, with promptly and adequately taken measures, to maintain sufficiently high visual functions for the patient to continue an independent lifestyle.

врожденная глаукомаювенильная глаукомадиагностикахирургияcongenital glaucomajuvenile glaucomadiagnosissurgeryReferencesBiglan A.W. Glaucoma in children: Are we making progress? J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2006; 10:7-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2005.10.001Biglan A.W. Glaucoma in children: Are we making progress? J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2006; 10:7-21. doi: 10.1016/j. jaapos.2005.10.001Fung D.S., Roensch M.A., Kooner K.S., Cavanagh H.D. et al. Epidemiology and characteristics of childhood glaucoma: results from the Dallas Glaucoma Registry. Clin Ophthalmol. 2013; 7:1739-1746. doi: 10.2147/opth.s45480Fung D.S., Roensch M.A., Kooner K.S., Cavanagh H.D. et al. Epidemiology and characteristics of childhood glaucoma: results from the Dallas Glaucoma Registry. Clin Ophthalmol. 2013; 7:1739-1746. doi: 10.2147/opth.s45480MacKinnon J.R., Giubilato A., Elder J.E., Craig J.E. et al. Primary infantile glaucoma in an Australian population. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2004; 32(1):14-18. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2004.00750.xMacKinnon J.R., Giubilato A., Elder J.E., Craig J.E. et al. Primary infantile glaucoma in an Australian population. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2004; 32(1):14-18. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2004.00750.xTamcelik N., Atalay E., Bolukbasi S., Çapar O. et al. Demographic features of subjects with congenital glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014; 62(5):565-569. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.126988Tamcelik N., Atalay E., Bolukbasi S., Çapar O. et al. Demographic features of subjects with congenital glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014; 62(5):565-569. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.126988Сайдашева Э.И., Сомов Е.Е, Фомина Н.В. Избранные лекции по неонатальной офтальмологии. СПб.; 2006. 272.Saidasheva E.I., Somov E.E., Fomina N.V. Izbrannye lektsii po neonatal’noi oftal’mologii [Selected lectures on neonatal ophthalmology]. SPb.; 2006; 272 p. (In Russ.).Francois J. Congenital glaucoma and its inheritance. Ophthalmologica. 1980; 181(2):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000309028Francois J. Congenital glaucoma and its inheritance. Ophthalmologica. 1980; 181(2):61-73. doi: 10.1159/000309028Papadopoulos M., Cable N., Rahi J., Khaw P.T., BIG Eye Study Investigators. The British Infantile and Childhood Glaucoma (BIG) Eye Study. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48(9):4100-4106. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-1350Papadopoulos M., Cable N., Rahi J., Khaw P.T., BIG Eye Study Investigators. The British Infantile and Childhood Glaucoma (BIG) Eye Study. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48(9):4100-4106. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-1350Gencik A., Gencikova A., Ferak V. Population genetical aspects of primary congenital glaucoma. I. Incidence, prevalence, gene frequency, and age of onset. Hum Genet. 1982; 61(3):193-197. doi: 10.1007/bf00296440Gencik A., Gencikova A., Ferak V. Population genetical aspects of primary congenital glaucoma. I. Incidence, prevalence, gene frequency, and age of onset. Hum Genet. 1982; 61(3):193-197. doi: 10.1007/bf00296440Сидоренко Е.И. Глаукомы детского возраста. РМЖ. Клиническая офтальмология. 2003; 4(2):55-57.Sidorenko E.I. Glaucoma of childhood. RMJ. Clinical Ophthalmology. 2003; 4(2):55-57. (In Russ.).Faiq M., Sharma R., Dada R., Mohanty K. et al. Genetic, biochemical and clinical insights into primary congenital glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Practice. 2013; 7(2):66-84. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1140Faiq M., Sharma R., Dada R., Mohanty K. et al. Genetic, biochemical and clinical insights into primary congenital glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Practice. 2013; 7(2):66-84. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1140Stoilov I., Akarsu A.N., Sarfarazi M. Identification of three different truncating mutations in cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) as the principal cause of primary congenital glaucoma (Buphthalmos) in families linked to the GLC3A locus on chromosome 2p21. Hum Mol Genet. 1997; 6:641-647. doi: 10.1093/hmg/6.4.641Stoilov I., Akarsu A.N., Sarfarazi M. Identification of three different truncating mutations in cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) as the principal cause of primary congenital glaucoma (Buphthalmos) in families linked to the GLC3A locus on chromosome 2p21. Hum Mol Genet. 1997; 6:641-647. doi: 10.1093/hmg/6.4.641Sarfarazi M., Stoilov I., Schenkman J.B. Genetics and biochemistry of primary congenital glaucoma. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2003; 16(4):543-554. doi: 10.1016/s0896-1549(03)00062-2Sarfarazi M., Stoilov I., Schenkman J.B. Genetics and biochemistry of primary congenital glaucoma. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2003; 16(4):543-554. doi: 10.1016/s0896-1549(03)00062-2Reis L.M., Tyler R. C., Weh E., Hendee K.E. et al. Analysis of CYP1B1 in pediatric and adult glaucoma and other ocular phenotypes. Mol Vis. 2016; 22:1229-1238. PMCID: PMC5070572Reis L.M., Tyler R. C., Weh E., Hendee K.E. et al. Analysis of CYP1B1 in pediatric and adult glaucoma and other ocular phenotypes. Mol Vis. 2016; 22:1229-1238. PMCID: PMC5070572Lewis C.J., Hedberg-Buenz A., DeLuca A.P., Stone E.M. et al. Primary congenital and developmental glaucomas. Hum Mol Genet. 2017; 26(1):28-36. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddx205.Lewis C.J., Hedberg-Buenz A., DeLuca A.P., Stone E.M. et al. Primary congenital and developmental glaucomas. Hum Mol Genet. 2017; 26(1):28-36. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddx205.Mauri L., Uebe S., Sticht H., Vossmerbaeumer U. et al. Expanding the clinical spectrum of COL1A1 mutations in different forms of glaucoma. Orphanet J Rare Diseases. 2016; 11:108. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0495-y.Mauri L., Uebe S., Sticht H., Vossmerbaeumer U. et al. Expanding the clinical spectrum of COL1A1 mutations in different forms of glaucoma. Orphanet J Rare Diseases. 2016; 11:108. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0495-y.Tanwar M., Dada T., Sihota R., Dada R. Mitochondrial DNA analysis in primary congenital glaucoma. Mol Vis. 2010; 16:518-533. PMCID:PMC2846849Tanwar M., Dada T., Sihota R., Dada R. Mitochondrial DNA analysis in primary congenital glaucoma. Mol Vis. 2010; 16:518-533. PMCID: PMC2846849Stone E.M., Fingert J.H., Alward W.L., Nguyen T.D. Identification of a gene that causes primary open angle glaucoma. Science. 1997; 275(5300):668-670.Stone E.M., Fingert J.H., Alward W.L., Nguyen T.D. Identification of a gene that causes primary open angle glaucoma. Science. 1997; 275(5300):668-670.Kubota R., Noda S., Wang Y., Minoshima S. et al. A novel myosin-like protein (myocilin) expressed in the connecting cilium of the photoreceptor: molecular cloning, tissue expression, and chromosomal mapping. Genomics. 1997; 41(3):360-369.Kubota R., Noda S., Wang Y., Minoshima S. et al. A novel myosin-like protein (myocilin) expressed in the connecting cilium of the photoreceptor: molecular cloning, tissue expression, and chromosomal mapping. Genomics. 1997; 41(3):360-369.Wentz-Hunter K., Ueda J., Shimizu N., Yue B.Y. Myocilin is associated with mitochondria in human trabecular meshwork cells. J Cell Physiol. 2002; 190: 46-53.Wentz-Hunter K., Ueda J., Shimizu N., Yue B.Y. Myocilin is associated with mitochondria in human trabecular meshwork cells. J Cell Physiol. 2002; 190: 46-53.Fingert J.H., Hеon E., Liebmann J.M., Yamamoto T. et al. Analysis of myocilin mutations in 1703 glaucoma patients from five different populations. Hum Mol Genet. 1999; 8(5):899-905.Fingert J.H., Hеon E., Liebmann J.M., Yamamoto T. et al. Analysis of myocilin mutations in 1703 glaucoma patients from five different populations. Hum Mol Genet. 1999; 8(5):899-905.Gupta V., Somarajan B.I., Gupta S., Chaurasia A.K. et al. The inheritance of juvenile onset primary open angle glaucoma. Clin Genet. 2017; 92(2):134-142. doi: 10.1111/cge.12906.Gupta V., Somarajan B.I., Gupta S., Chaurasia A.K. et al. The inheritance of juvenile onset primary open angle glaucoma. Clin Genet. 2017; 92(2):134-142. doi: 10.1111/cge.12906.Yu-Wai-Man C., Arno G., Brookes J., Garcia-Feijoo J. et al. Primary congenital glaucoma including next-generation sequencingbased approaches: clinical utility gene card. Eur J Hum Genet. 2018; 26:1713-1718. doi: 10.1038/s41431-018-0227-yYu-Wai-Man C., Arno G., Brookes J., Garcia-Feijoo J. et al. Primary congenital glaucoma including next-generation sequencingbased approaches: clinical utility gene card. Eur J Hum Genet. 2018; 26:1713-1718. doi: 10.1038/s41431-018-0227-yShohdy K.S., Rashad W.A., Fargoun M.K., Urban P. The morphogen behind primary congenital glaucoma and the dream of targeting. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2017; 58(2):351-361.Shohdy K.S., Rashad W.A., Fargoun M.K., Urban P. The morphogen behind primary congenital glaucoma and the dream of targeting. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2017; 58(2):351-361.Vincent A.L., Billingsley G., Buys Y., Levin A.V. et al. Digenic inheritance of early-onset glaucoma: CYP1B1, a potential modifier gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2002; 70:448-460. doi: 10.1086/338709Vincent A.L., Billingsley G., Buys Y., Levin A.V. et al. Digenic inheritance of early-onset glaucoma: CYP1B1, a potential modifier gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2002; 70:448-460. doi: 10.1086/338709Сидоров Э.Г., Мирзаянц М.Г. Врождённая глаукома и её лечение. М.: Медицина; 1991. 208.Sidorov E.G., Mirzayants M.G. Vrozhdennaya glaukoma i ee lechenie [Congenital glaucoma and its treatment]. Moscow, Meditsina Publ.; 1991. 208 p. (In Russ.).Аветисов С.Э., Кащенко Т.П., Шамшинова А.М. Зрительные функции и их коррекция у детей. М.: Медицина; 2005. 872.Avetisov E.S., Kashchenko T.P., Shamshinova A.M. Zritel’nye funktsii i ikh korrektsiya u detei [Visual functions and their correction in children] Moscow, Meditsina Publ.; 2005. 872 p. (In Russ.).Garcia-Anton M.T., Salazar J.J., Hoz R., Rojas B. et al. Goniodysgenesis variability and activity of CYP1B1 genotypes in primary congenital glaucoma. PLoS One. 2017; 12(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176386Garcia-Anton M.T., Salazar J.J., Hoz R., Rojas B. et al. Goniodysgenesis variability and activity of CYP1B1 genotypes in primary congenital glaucoma. PLoS One. 2017; 12(4). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176386Катаргина Л.А., Коголева Л.В. Клинико-патогенетические особенности глаукомы у детей с ретинопатией недоношенных. Российский офтальмологический журнал. 2008; 1(1):17-21.Katargina L.A., Kogoleva L.V. Clinical and pathogenetic features of glaucoma in children with retinopathy of prematurity. Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2008; 1(1):17-21. (In Russ.).Зерцалова М.А., Бржеский В.В. Особенности течения глаукомы у детей с ретинопатией недоношенных. РМЖ Клиническая Офтальмология. 2007; 4:139.Zertsalova M.A., Brzheskii V.V. Peculiarities of glaucoma course in children with premature retinopathy. RMJ Clinical Ophthalmology. 2007; 4:139. (In Russ.).Аветисов Э.С., Ковалевский Е.И., Хватова А.В. Руководство по детской офтальмологии. М.: Медицина; 1987; 496.Avetisov E.S., Kovalevsky E.I., Khvatova A.V. Rukovodstvo po detskoi oftal’mologii [Guidelines for pediatric ophthalmology]. Moscow, Meditsina Publ.; 1987. 496 p. (In Russ.).Егоров Е.А., Астахов Ю.С., Еричев В.П. Глаукома. Национальное руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР-медиа; 2015; 456.Egorov E.A., Astakhov Yu.S., Erichev V.P. Glaukoma. Natsional’noe rukovodstvo [Glaucoma. National leadership]. Moscow: GEOTARMedia 2015; 456 p. (In Russ.).Weinreb R.N., Grajewski A., Papadopoulos M., Grigg G. et al. Childhood Glaucoma. The 9th Consensus Report of the World Glaucoma Association. Kugler Publication, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 2013; 270.Weinreb R.N., Grajewski A., Papadopoulos M., Grigg G. et al. Childhood Glaucoma. The 9th Consensus Report of the World Glaucoma Association. Kugler Publication, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 2013; 270.Сомов Е.Е. Первичная глаукома. СПб.: Медиздат; 2001. 24. 34. Катаргина Л.А., Тарасенков А.О., Мазанова Е.В. К вопросу о классификации врожденной глаукомы по стадиям. Российская педиатрическая офтальмология. 2016; 11(4):179-183. doi: 10.18821/1993-1859-2016-11-4-179-183Somov E.E. Pervichnaya glaukoma [Primary Glaucoma]. St. Petersburg: Medizdat; 1992. 24 p. (In Russ.).Thau A., Lloyd M., Freedman S., Beck A. et al. New classification system for pediatric glaucoma: implications for clinical care and a research registry. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2018; 29(5):385-394. doi: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000516Katargina L.A., Tarasenkov A.O., Mazanova E.V. On the problem of the classification of congenital glaucoma. Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology. 2016; 11(4):179-183. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18821/1993-1859-2016-11-4-179-183Chandler P.A., Grant W.M. Lectures on Glaucoma. Philadelphia: Lea &Febiger; 1965. 431.Thau A., Lloyd M., Freedman S., Beck A. et al. New classification system for pediatric glaucoma: implications for clinical care and a research registry. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2018; 29(5):385-394. doi: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000516Kim Y.J., Jeoung J.W., Kim M.K., Park K.H. Clinical features and outcome of corneal opacity associated with congenital glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018; 18(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s12886-018-0865-4Chandler P.A., Grant W.M. Lectures on Glaucoma. Philadelphia: Lea &Febiger; 1965. 431.Patil B., Tandon R., Sharma N., Verma M. et al. Corneal changes in childhood glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2015; 122(1):87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.029Kim Y.J., Jeoung J.W., Kim M.K., Park K.H. Clinical features and outcome of corneal opacity associated with congenital glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018; 18(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s12886-018-0865-4Ely A.L., El-Dairi M.A., Freedman S.F. Cupping reversal in pediatric glaucoma — evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014; 158(5):905-915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2014.07.030Patil B., Tandon R., Sharma N., Verma M. et al. Corneal changes in childhood glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2015; 122(1):87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.029Jones L., Sung V., Lascaratos G., Nagi H. et al. Intraocular pressures after ketamine and sevoflurane in children with glaucoma undergoing examination under anaesthesia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010; 94(1):33-35. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2008.148122Ely A.L., El-Dairi M.A., Freedman S.F. Cupping reversal in pediatric glaucoma — evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014; 158(5):905-915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2014.07.030Азнабаев М.С., Зайдуллин И.С. Изменения параметров глазного яблока в течение первого года жизни у детей. Вестник офтальмо- логии. 1990; 106(4):63-64.Jones L., Sung V., Lascaratos G., Nagi H. et al. Intraocular pressures after ketamine and sevoflurane in children with glaucoma undergoing examination under anaesthesia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010; 94(1):33-35. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2008.148122Хамроева Ю.А., Бузруков Б.Т. Сравнительный анализ размера переднеезадних осей глаз с врожденной глаукомой и здоровых глаз в возрастном аспекте. РМЖ Клиническая Офтальмология. 2013; 1:17.Aznabayev M.S., Zaydullin I.S. Changes in the parameters of the eyeball in the first year of life in children. Vestn oftalmol. 1990; 106(4):63-64. (In Russ.).Кулешова О.Н., Зайдман А.М., Садовая Т.Н., Лукша Е.Б. Роль недифференцированной дисплазии соединительной ткани в развитии патологии позвоночника, сочетающегося с ювенильной глаукомой и миопией. Хирургия позвоночника. 2008; 1:80-85. doi: 10.14531/ss2008.1.80-85Khamroev Yu.A., Buzrukov B.T. Comparative analysis of the size of the anterior-posterior axes of the eyes with congenital glaucoma and healthy eyes in the age aspect. RMJ Clinical Ophthalmology. 2013; 1:17. (In Russ.).Кулешова О.Н., Диковская М.А., Зайдман А.М., Лукша Е.Б. Наследственные нарушения соединительной ткани как предикторы развития первичной ювенильной глаукомы. Офтальмохирургия. 2012; 4:52-55.Kuleshova O.N., Zaidman A.M., Sadovaya T.N., Luksha E.B. The role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in the development of spinal pathology, combined with juvenile glaucoma and myopia. Spinal surgery. 2008; 1:80-85. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14531/ss2008.1.80-85Moore D.B., Tomkins O., Ben-Zion I. A review of primary congenital glaucoma in the developing world. Surv Ophthalmol. 2013; 58(3):278-285. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.11.003Kuleshova O.N., Dikovskaya M.A., Zaidman A.M., Luksha E.B. Hereditary connective tissue disorders as predictors of the development of primary juvenile glaucoma. Ophthalmosurgery. 2012; 4:52-55. (In Russ.).Хватова А.В., Яковлев А.А., Теплинская Л.Е. Зрительные функции и их коррекция у детей. Врожденная глаукома: современный взгляд на патогенез и лечение. М.: Медицина; 2005: 319-344.Moore D.B., Tomkins O., Ben-Zion I. A review of primary congenital glaucoma in the developing world. Surv Ophthalmol. 2013; 58(3):278-285. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.11.003Zagora S.L., Funnell C.L., Martin F.J., Smith G.E. et al. Primary congenital glaucoma outcomes: lessons from 23 years of followup. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015; 159(4):788-796. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.01.019Khvatova A.V., Yakovlev A.A., Teplinskaya L.E. Zritel’nye funktsii i ikh korrektsiya u detei. Vrozhdennaya glaukoma: sovremennyi vzglyad na patogenez i lechenie [Visual functions and their correction in children. Congenital glaucoma: a modern look at the pathogenesis and treatment]. Moscow, Meditsina Publ.; 2005: 319-344.Тахчиди Х.П., Кулешова О.Н., Диковская М.А. Особенности диагностики и лечения первичной ювенильной глаукомы. Офтальмохирургия. 2008; 3:8-11.Zagora S.L., Funnell C.L., Martin F.J., Smith G.E. et al. Primary congenital glaucoma outcomes: lessons from 23 years of followup. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015; 159(4):788-796. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.01.019Кулешова О.Н., Непомнящих Г.И., Айдагулова С.В. Анализ морфо- логических изменений юкстаканаликулярной ткани и склеры по операционному материалу при первичной ювенильной и открытоугольной глаукоме. Офтальмохирургия. 2008; 3:12-15.Takhchidi Kh.P., Kuleshova O.N., Dikovskaya M.A. Features of diagnosis and treatment of primary juvenile glaucoma. Ophthalmosurgery. 2008; 3:8-11. (In Russ.).Giangiacomo A., Beck A. Pediatric glaucoma: review of recent literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017; 28(2):199-203. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000349.Kuleshova O.N., Nepomnyashchikh G.I., Aidagulova S.V. Analysis of morphological changes of yukstacanalicular tissue and sclera on operating material in primary juvenile and open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmosurgery. 2008; 3:12-15. (In Russ.).Еричев В.П., Филиппова О.М. Особенности рефракции у пациентов с сочетанной патологией: глаукома, катаракта, миопия. РМЖ Клиническая офтальмология. 2003; 4(2):42-44.Giangiacomo A., Beck A. Pediatric glaucoma: review of recent literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017; 28(2):199-203. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000349.Uva M.G., Avitabile T., Reibaldi M., Bucolo C. et al. Long-term efficacy of latanoprost in primary congenital glaucoma. Eye. 2014; 28(1):53-57. doi:10.1038/eye.2013.232Erichev V.P., Filippova O.M. Refractive peculiarities in patients with combined pathology: glaucoma, cataract and myopia. RMJ Clinical Ophthalmology. 2003; 4(2):42-44. (In Russ.).Terraciano A.J., Sidoti P.A. Management of refractory glaucoma in childhood. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2002; 13(2):97-102. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200204000-00008Uva M.G., Avitabile T., Reibaldi M., Bucolo C. et al. Long-term efficacy of latanoprost in primary congenital glaucoma. Eye. 2014; 28(1):53-57. doi:10.1038/eye.2013.232Tanimoto S.A., Brandt J.D. Options in pediatric glaucoma after angle surgery has failed. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006; 17(2):132-137. doi: 10.1097/01.icu.0000193091.60185.27Terraciano A.J., Sidoti P.A. Management of refractory glaucoma in childhood. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2002; 13(2):97-102. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200204000-00008Tung I., Marcus I., Thiamthat W., Freedman S.F. Second glaucoma drainage devices in refractory pediatric glaucoma: failure by fibrovascular ingrowth. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014; 158:113-117. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.03.017Tanimoto S.A., Brandt J.D. Options in pediatric glaucoma after angle surgery has failed. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006; 17(2):132-137. doi: 10.1097/01.icu.0000193091.60185.27Papadopoulos M., Edmunds B., Fenerty C., Khaw P.T. Childhood glaucoma surgery in the 21st century. Eye. 2014; 28(8):931-943. doi: 10.1038/eye.2014.140Tung I., Marcus I., Thiamthat W., Freedman S.F. Second glaucoma drainage devices in refractory pediatric glaucoma: failure by fibrovascular ingrowth. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014; 158:113-117. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.03.017Khaw P.T. What is the best primary surgical treatment for infantile glauсoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996; 80(6):495-496. doi: 10.1136/bjo.80.6.495Papadopoulos M., Edmunds B., Fenerty C., Khaw P.T. Childhood glaucoma surgery in the 21st century. Eye. 2014; 28(8):931-943. doi: 10.1038/eye.2014.140O’Malley, Schotthoefer E., Yanovitch T.L., Freedman S.F. Aqueous drainage device surgery in refractory pediatric glaucomas: I. Longterm outcomes. J Am Assoc Pediatric Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2008; 12:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2007.07.002Khaw P.T. What is the best primary surgical treatment for infantile glauсoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996; 80(6):495-496. doi: 10.1136/bjo.80.6.495Barkan O. Goniotomy for the relief of congenital glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1948; 32:701-728. doi: 10.1136/bjo.32.9.701O’Malley, Schotthoefer E., Yanovitch T.L., Freedman S.F. Aqueous drainage device surgery in refractory pediatric glaucomas: I. Longterm outcomes. J Am Assoc Pediatric Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2008; 12:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2007.07.002Barkan O. Technic of goniotomy for congenital glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1949; 41:65-82. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1949.00900040068008Barkan O. Goniotomy for the relief of congenital glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1948; 32:701-728. doi: 10.1136/bjo.32.9.701Huang J.L., Huang J.J., Zhong Y.M., Guo X.X. et al. Surgical outcomes of trabeculotomy in newborns with primary congenital glaucoma. Chin Med J. 2016; 129:2178-2183. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.189925Barkan O. Technic of goniotomy for congenital glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1949; 41:65-82. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1949.00900040068008Bayoumi N.H. Deep sclerectomy in pediatric glaucoma filtering surgery. Eye. 2012; 26:1548-1553. doi: 10.1038/eye.2012.215Huang J.L., Huang J.J., Zhong Y.M., Guo X.X. et al. Surgical outcomes of trabeculotomy in newborns with primary congenital glaucoma. Chin Med J. 2016; 129:2178-2183. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.189925Sood D., Rathore A., Sood I., Singh G. et al. Long-term outcome of combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy by a single surgeon in patients with primary congenital glaucoma. Eye. 2018; 32(2):426-432. doi: 10.1038/eye.2017.207Bayoumi N.H. Deep sclerectomy in pediatric glaucoma filtering surgery. Eye. 2012; 26:1548-1553. doi: 10.1038/eye.2012.215Al-Hazmi A., Awad A., Zwaan J., Al-Mesfer S.A. et al. Correlation between surgical success rate and severity of congenital glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005; 89:449-453. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2004.047761Sood D., Rathore A., Sood I., Singh G. et al. Long-term outcome of combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy by a single surgeon in patients with primary congenital glaucoma. Eye. 2018; 32(2):426-432. doi: 10.1038/eye.2017.207Chen T.C., Chen P.P., Francis B.A., Junk A.K. et al. Pediatric glaucoma surgery: a report by the American Academy Of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121(11):2107-2115. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.010.Al-Hazmi A., Awad A., Zwaan J., Al-Mesfer S.A. et al. Correlation between surgical success rate and severity of congenital glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005; 89:449-453. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2004.047761Temkar S., Gupta S., Sihota R., Sharma R. et al Illuminated microcatheter circumferential trabeculotomy versus combined trabeculotomy- trabeculectomy for primary congenital glaucoma: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015; 159(3): 490-497. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.12.001Chen T.C., Chen P.P., Francis B.A., Junk A.K. et al. Pediatric glaucoma surgery: a report by the American Academy Of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121(11):2107-2115. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.010.Grehn F. New horizons in congenital glaucoma surgery. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018; 96(1):7-8. doi: 10.1111/aos.13589Temkar S., Gupta S., Sihota R., Sharma R. et al Illuminated microcatheter circumferential trabeculotomy versus combined trabeculotomy- trabeculectomy for primary congenital glaucoma: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015; 159(3): 490-497. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.12.001Toshev A.P., Much M.M., Klink T., Pfeiffer N. et al. Catheter-assisted 360-degree trabeculotomy for congenital glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2018; 27(7):572-577. doi: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000966Grehn F. New horizons in congenital glaucoma surgery. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018; 96(1):7-8. doi: 10.1111/aos.13589Ishida K., Mandal A.K., Netland P.A. Glaucoma drainage implants in pediatric patients. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2005; 18(3):431-442. doi: 10.1016/j.ohc.2005.05.009Toshev A.P., Much M.M., Klink T., Pfeiffer N. et al. Catheter-assisted 360-degree trabeculotomy for congenital glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2018; 27(7):572-577. doi: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000966Al-Omairi A.M., Al Ameri A.H., Al-Shahwan S., Khan A.O. et al. Outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve revision in pediatric glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017; 183:141-146. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.09.015Ishida K., Mandal A.K., Netland P.A. Glaucoma drainage implants in pediatric patients. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2005; 18(3):431-442. doi: 10.1016/j.ohc.2005.05.009Molteno A.C. Children with advanced glaucoma treated by draining implants. S Afr Arch Ophthalmol. 1973; 1:55.Al-Omairi A.M., Al Ameri A.H., Al-Shahwan S., Khan A.O. et al. Outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve revision in pediatric glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017; 183:141-146. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.09.015Mandalos A., Tailor R., Parmar T., Sung V. The long-term outcomes of glaucoma drainage device in pediatric glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2016; 25(3):189-195. doi: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000164Molteno A.C. Children with advanced glaucoma treated by draining implants. S Afr Arch Ophthalmol. 1973; 1:55.Razeghinejad M.R., Kaffashan S., Nowroozzadeh M.H. Results of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in primary congenital glaucoma. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2014; 18(6):590-595. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.08.008Mandalos A., Tailor R., Parmar T., Sung V. The long-term outcomes of glaucoma drainage device in pediatric glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2016; 25(3):189-195. doi: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000164Белый Ю.А., Молоткова И.А., Ерохина Е.В. Хирургические аспекты имплантации дренажа Ahmed у детей с врожденной глаукомой. Практическая медицина. 2012; 59(2):9-12.Razeghinejad M.R., Kaffashan S., Nowroozzadeh M.H. Results of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in primary congenital glaucoma. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2014; 18(6):590-595. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.08.008Pakravan M., Esfandiari H., Yazdani S., Doozandeh A. et al. Clinical outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in pediatric glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2018; doi: 10.1177/1120672118761332Bely Yu.A., Molotkova I.A., Erokhina Ye.V. Surgical aspects of implanting Ahmed drainage in children with congenital glaucoma. Prakticheskaja medicina. 2012; 59(2):9-12. (In Russ.).Fu G.L., Alexander J.L., Saeedi O.J. Persistent corneal edema associated with subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil in an infant with primary congenital glaucoma. J Pediatric Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016; 22(53):54-57. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20161003-01Pakravan M., Esfandiari H., Yazdani S., Doozandeh A. et al. Clinical outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in pediatric glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2018; doi: 10.1177/1120672118761332Shields M.B. Cyclodestructive surgery for glaucoma: past, present and future. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1985; 83:285-303. PMCID: PMC1298702Fu G.L., Alexander J.L., Saeedi O.J. Persistent corneal edema associated with subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil in an infant with primary congenital glaucoma. J Pediatric Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016; 22(53):54-57. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20161003-01Neely D.E., Plager D.A. Endocyclophotocoagulation for management of difficult pediatric glaucomas. J AAPOS. 2001; 5(4):221-229. doi: 10.1067/mpa.2001.116868Shields M.B. Cyclodestructive surgery for glaucoma: past, present and future. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1985; 83:285-303. PMCID: PMC1298702Aquino M.C., Barton K., Tan A.M., Sng C. et al. Micropulse versus continuous wave transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation in refractory glaucoma: a randomized exploratory study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015; 43(1):40-46. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12360.Neely D.E., Plager D.A. Endocyclophotocoagulation for management of difficult pediatric glaucomas. J AAPOS. 2001; 5(4):221-229. doi: 10.1067/mpa.2001.116868Guo C., Wu Y., Xu L., Li M. et al. Evaluation of preoperative speed of progression and its association with surgical outcomes in primary congenital glaucoma patients: a retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2017; 17(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s12886-017-0565-5Aquino M.C., Barton K., Tan A.M., Sng C. et al. Micropulse versus continuousChan J.Yu.Y., Choy B.N.K., Alex L.K. Ng, Shum J. W.H. Review on the management of primary congenital glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2015; 9(3):92–99. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1192wave transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation in refractory glaucoma: a randomized exploratory study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015; 43(1):40-46. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12360.Ben-Zion I., Tomkins O., Moore D.B., Helveston E.M. Surgical results in the management of advanced primary congenital glaucoma in a rural pediatric population. Ophthalmology. 2011; 118:231-235. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.027Guo C., Wu Y., Xu L., Li M. et al. Evaluation of preoperative speed of progression and its association with surgical outcomes in primary congenital glaucoma patients: a retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2017; 17(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s12886-017-0565-5Chan J.Yu.Y., Choy B.N.K., Alex L.K. Ng, Shum J. W.H. Review on the management of primary congenital glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2015; 9(3):92–99. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1192Chan J.Yu.Y., Choy B.N.K., Alex L.K. Ng, Shum J. W.H. Review on the management of primary congenital glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2015; 9(3):92–99. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1192Ben-Zion I., Tomkins O., Moore D.B., Helveston E.M. Surgical results in the management of advanced primary congenital glaucoma in a rural pediatric population. Ophthalmology. 2011; 118:231-235. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.027Ben-Zion I., Tomkins O., Moore D.B., Helveston E.M. Surgical results in the management of advanced primary congenital glaucoma in a rural pediatric population. Ophthalmology. 2011; 118:231-235. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.027

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.