<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glaucoma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальный журнал Глаукома</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Journal glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-4104</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-6862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25700/NJG.2019.03.07</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glaucoma-259</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностическая ценность нагрузочных  и разгрузочных проб при закрытоугольной глаукоме (литературный обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The diagnostic value of loading and unloading glaucoma stress tests</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хдери</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hadiri</surname><given-names>K. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> аспирант</p><p>119021, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Россолимо, 11А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate</p><p>11А Rossolimo st., Moscow,  119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khaled.russia@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хдери Х.H., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хдери Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Hadiri K.H.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/259">https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/259</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре литературы представлены нагрузочные и разгрузочные пробы, представляющие практический интерес для ранней диагностики глаукомы при отсутствии характерных клинических признаков. Сделан акцент на механизм действия проб для диагностики первичной закрытоугольной глаукомы (ПЗУГ) и риска повышения внутриглазного давления (ВГД) при закрытии угла передней камеры. Приведена история их разработки и внедрения в клиническую практику. Учитывая волнообразный характер повышения ВГД при ПЗУГ, крайне важны диагностические пробы для выявления заболевания, находящегося в латентном состоянии. Это дает возможность своевременно выявить риск развития глаукомной оптической нейропатии и принять необходимые меры (в первую очередь, своевременно выполнить лазерную иридэктомию).</p><p>Рассмотрены особенности и механизм наиболее распространенных нагрузочных проб, включая позиционный нагрузочный тест Хеймса (Hyams), основанный на провокации развития зрачкового и ангулярного гидродинамических блоков и подъема ВГД в ситуации, когда пациент находится под контролем врача. Рассказано о разгрузочных пробах с использованием пилокарпина, диакарба и глицероаскорбата, которые основаны  на обратном принципе и применяются при потенциальной опасности нагрузочных проб.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The literature review provides the information on loading and unloading stress tests, which could be useful for early glaucoma diagnosis in absence of its regular clinical signs. The mechanism of tests for primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis and risk of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in anterior chamber angle closure diagnosis is emphasized. The development history and clinical acceptance is described. Considering the undulating way of IOP elevation in primary angle closure glaucoma, the stress tests for latent disease diagnosis are of high importance. This enables us to discover the risk of glaucomatous optic nerve progression early and prevent it (at first, to perform the laser iridectomy).</p><p>The features and mechanisms of most common loading stress tests are given, including the Hyams prone test, based on provocation of pupillary and angular block development and IOP elevation while supervised by physician. The unloading tests, based on pilocarpine, acetazolamide and glycerascorbate, based on the opposite mechanism and utilized when loading stress tests are considered dangerous, are also described.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>внутриглазное давление</kwd><kwd>разгрузочные и нагрузочные пробы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Glaucoma</kwd><kwd>intraocular pressure</kwd><kwd>loading and unloading stress tests</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киселева О.А., Робустова О.В., Бессмертный А.М., Захарова Е.К., Авдеев Р.В. Распространенность первичной глаукомы у представителей разных рас и этнических групп в мире. Офтальмология. 2013; 10(3):5-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiseleva O.A., Robustova O.V., Bessmertny A.M., Zakharova E.K., Avdeev R.V. Prevalence of primary glaucoma in representatives of different races and ethnic groups in the world. Ophthalmology. 2013; 10(3):5-8. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tham Y.C., Li X., Wong T.Y., Quigley H.A., Aung T., Cheng C.Y. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121(11):2081-2090. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tham Y.C., Li X., Wong T.Y., Quigley H.A., Aung T., Cheng C.Y. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121(11):2081-2090. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков В.В. Глаукома открытоугольная. Москва: МИА; 2008. 348.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov V.V. Glaukoma otkrytougol’naja. [Open-angle glaucoma]. Moscow: MIA Publ.; 2008. 348 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еричев В.П. Патогенез, диагностика и лечение первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Российский медицинский журнал. 1998; 4:35-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erichev V.P. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of primary openangle glaucoma. Russian medical journal. 1998; 4:35-38. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geitzenauer W., Hitzenberger C.K., Schmidt-Erfurth U.M. Retinal optical coherence tomography: past, present and future perspectives. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011; 95(2):171-177. doi:10.1136/bjo.2010.182170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geitzenauer W., Hitzenberger C.K., Schmidt-Erfurth U.M. Retinal optical coherence tomography: past, present and future perspectives. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011; 95(2):171-177. doi:10.1136/bjo.2010.182170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wollstein G., Garway-Heath D.F., Hitchings R.A. Identification of early glaucoma cases with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Ophthalmology. 1998; 105(8):1557-1563. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(98)98047-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wollstein G., Garway-Heath D.F., Hitchings R.A. Identification of early glaucoma cases with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Ophthalmology. 1998; 105(8):1557-1563. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(98)98047-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Устинова Е.И. Методы ранней диагностики глаукомы. Москва: Медицина; 1966. 190 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ustinova E.I. Metody ranney diagnostiki glaukomy. [Methods for early glaucoma diagnostics]. Moscow: Medicine Publ.; 1966. 190 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жулмурзин С.К., Сулеева Б.О. Позиционно-пилокарпиновый тест для раннего выявления закрытоугольной глаукомы. Вестник офтальмологии. 1981; 4:12-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhulmurzin S.K., Suleyeva B.O. Positional pilocarpic test for early detection of angle-closure glaucoma. Vestn Oftalmol. 1981; 4:12-13. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснов М.М. Клиностатистическая проба для ранней диагностики глаукомы. Вестник офтальмологии. 1963; 1:26-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnov M.M. Clynostatic probe for early glaucoma diagnostics. Vestn Oftalmol. 1963; 1:26-30. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Водовозов А.М., Балалин С.В. Значение новой компрессионной пробы в диагностике преглаукомы и начальной глаукомы. Офтальмологический журнал. 1989; 2:81-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vodovozov A.M., Balalin S.V. New compression test significance in glaucoma and preglaucoma diagnosis. Ophthalmologicheskiy zhurnal. 1989; 2:81-84. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Водовозов А.М., Балалин С.В. Показатель чувствительности зрительного нерва к интолерантному внутриглазному давлению и его значение для ранней диагностики глаукомы. Офтальмологический журнал. 1991; 3:144-148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vodovozov A.M., Balalin S.V. Optic nerve sensitivity to the intolerant intraocular pressure and its significance for early glaucoma diagnosis. Ophthalmologicheskiy zhurnal. 1991; 3:144-148. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков В.В., Сухинина Л.Б., Тер-Андриасов Э.Л. О применении вакуума в компрессионно-периметрической пробе при диагностике глаукомы. Вестник офтальмологии. 1981; 2:22-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov V.V., Sukhinina L.B., Ter-Andriasov E.L. On the use of vacuum in compression-perimetric test in glaucoma diagnosis. Vestn oftalmol. 1981; 2:22-25. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Устинова Е.И. Комбинированная водно-темновая кампиметрическая проба как метод ранней диагностики глаукомы. Вестник офтальмологии. 1965; 4:14-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ustinova E.I. Combined water-darkness campimetric test as a method of early glaucoma diagnosis. Vestn oftalmol. 1965; 4:14-17.  (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков В.В., Журавлев А.И. Диск зрительного нерва при глаукоме. Офтальмологический журнал. 1982; 5:272-276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov V.V., Zhuravlev A.I. Optic disc in glaucoma. Ophthalmologicheskiy zhurnal. 1982; 5:272-276. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астахов Ю.С., Даль Н.Ю. Вакуум-компрессионный автоматизированный тест в ранней диагностике глаукомы и первые результаты его применения. Глаукома. 2001; 1:17-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astakhov Yu.S., Dal’ N.Yu. Vacuum-compression test in early glaucoma diagnosis and the first results of its use. Glaucoma. 2001; 1:17-20. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armaly M.F., Krueger D.E., Maunder L., Becker B. et al. Biostatistical analysis of the collaborative glaucoma study. I. Summary report of the risk factors for glaucomatous visual-field defects. Arch Ophthalmol. 1980; 98(12):2163-2171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armaly M.F., Krueger D.E., Maunder L., Becker B. et al. Biostatistical analysis of the collaborative glaucoma study. I. Summary report of the risk factors for glaucomatous visual-field defects. Arch Ophthalmol. 1980; 98(12):2163-2171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Susanna R.Jr., Clement C., Goldberg I., Hatanaka M. Applications of the water drinking test in glaucoma management. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017; 45(6):625-631. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12925</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Susanna R.Jr., Clement C., Goldberg I., Hatanaka M. Applications  of the water drinking test in glaucoma management. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017; 45(6):625-631. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12925</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diestelhorst M., Krieglstein G.K. The effect of the water-drinking test on aqueous humor dynamics in healthy volunteers. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exper Ophthalmol. 1994; 232(3):145-147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diestelhorst M., Krieglstein G.K. The effect of the water-drinking test on aqueous humor dynamics in healthy volunteers. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exper Ophthalmol. 1994; 232(3):145-147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Moraes C.G., Reis A.S., Cavalcante A.F., Sano M.E., Susanna R., Jr. Choroidal expansion during the water drinking test. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exper Ophthalmol. 2009; 247(3):385-389.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Moraes C.G., Reis A.S., Cavalcante A.F., Sano M.E., Susanna R., Jr. Choroidal expansion during the water drinking test. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exper Ophthalmol.  2009; 247(3):385-389.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spaeth G.L., Vacharat N. Provocative tests and chronic simple glaucoma. I. Effect of atropine on the water-drinking test: intimations of central regulatory control. II. Fluorescein angiography provocative test: a new approach to separation of the normal from the pathological. Brit J Ophthalmol. 1972; 56(3):205-216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spaeth G.L., Vacharat N. Provocative tests and chronic simple glaucoma. I. Effect of atropine on the water-drinking test: intimations of central regulatory control. II. Fluorescein angiography provocative test:  a new approach to separation of the normal from the pathological. Brit J Ophthalmol. 1972; 56(3):205-216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li D., Wang N., Wang B., Wang T., Jonas J.B. Modified dark room provocative test for primary angle closure. J Glaucoma. 2012; 21(3): 155-159. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0b013e31820bd215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li D., Wang N., Wang B., Wang T., Jonas J.B. Modified dark room  provocative test for primary angle closure. J Glaucoma. 2012; 21(3): 155-159. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0b013e31820bd215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков В.В., Сухинина Л.Б., Устинова Е.И. Глаукома, преглаукома, офтальмогипертензия. Ленинград: Медицина; 1985. 216 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov V.V., Sukhinina L.B., Ustinova E.I. Glaucoma, preglaucoma, ophthalmoypertension. Leningrad: Medicine Publ.; 1985. 216 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астахов Ю.С., Акопов Е.Л., Даль Н.Ю., Потемкин В.В. Хронопериметрическая модификация вакуум-компрессионного автоматизированного теста. Глаукома. 2004; 1:15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astakhov Yu.S., Akopov E.L., Dal’ N.Yu., Potemkin V.V. Chronoperimetric modicification of the vacuum-compression automatized test.  Glaukoma. 2004; 1:15. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозова Н.В. Зрительные вызванные корковые потенциалы в диагностике и оценке стабилизации первичной открытоугольной глаукомы: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. СПб.; 2005. 15 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozova N.V. Visual evoked cortex potentials in diagnosis and stability evaluation of primary open-angle glaucoma: PhD thesis. Saint Petersburg; 2005. 15 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозова Н.В., Волков В.В., Астахов Ю.С. и др. Вакуум-компрессионная проба с контролем зрительных вызванных корковых потенциалов для оценки стабилизации глаукомы псевдонормального давления. Клиническая офтальмология. 2002; 3(2):56-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozova N.V., Volkov V.V., Astakhov Yu.S. et al. Vacuum-compression test with visual-evoked cortex potentials control for the stabilization evaluation of pseudonormal pressure glaucoma. Clinical ophthalmology. 2002; 3(2):56-58. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Опенкова Е.Ю. Вакуум-периметрическая проба и офтальмоплетизмография в ранней диагностике первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Вестник ЮурГУ. Серия «Образование, здравоохранение, физическая культура». 2013; 13(4):114-116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Openkova E.Yu. Vacuum-perimetric test and ophthalmopletismography in the early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series “Education, healthcare, physical culture”. 2013; 13(4):114-116. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фокин В.П., Балалин С.В. Исследование интолерантности зрительного нерва к компрессионной офтальмогипертензии по данным компьютерной надпороговой статической селективной периметрии у больных глаукомой, псевдоглаукомой и у лиц с глазной гипертензией. Глаукома. 2008; 2:2-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fokin V.P., Balalin S.V. Study of optic nerve intolerance to the compressive ophthalmohypertension by the over-treshold computer static perimetry in glaucoma and pseudoglaucoma patients and people with ophthalmohypertension. Glaucoma. 2008; 2:2-9. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вургафт М.Б. Компрессионно-тонометрические исследования при глаукоме. Офтальмологический журнал. 1952; 2:124-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vurgaft M.B. Compression tonometry in glaucoma. Ophthalmology Journal. 1952; 2:124-128. (In Russ.). 29. Vurgaft M.B. On the mechanism of intraocular pressure reduction  in the compression probe. Ophthalmology Journal. 1954; 3:185-190. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вургафт М.Б. О механизме снижения внутриглазного давления при компрессионной пробе. Офтальмологический журнал. 1954; 3:185-190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vurgaft M.B. On the state of aqueous humor secretion and outflow in stable glaucoma process. Ophthalmology Journal. 1955; 6:358-364. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вургафт М.Б. О состоянии оттока и секреции водянистой влаги при компенсированной глаукоме. Офтальмологический журнал. 1955;6:358-364.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vurgaft M.B. Aktual’nye i spornye voprosy diagnostiki i lecheniya glaukomy [Current and controversial issues of glaucoma diagnostics and treatment]. Textbook. Leningrad; 1985. 107 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вургафт М.Б. Актуальные и спорные вопросы диагностики и лечения глаукомы. Учебное пособие. Ленинград; 1985. 107 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vurgaft M.B., Zhukov V.N. Effect of eye compression on the pressure in normal and glaucoma eyes (on the diagnostic value of compressiontonometric test). Ophthalmology Journal. 1953; 2:89-95. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вургафт М.Б., Жукова В.Н. Влияние сдавления глаза на тензию нормальных и глаукомных глаз (к диагностической ценности компрессионно-тонометрической пробы). Офтальмологический журнал. 1953; 2:89-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Openkova E.Yu. Vacuum-perimeter sample and ophthalmoplethysmography in the early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Bulletin of the South Ural University. Series “Education, healthcare Service, Physical Education”. 2013; 13(4):114-116. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Опенкова Е.Ю. Вакуум-периметрическая проба и офтальмоплетизмография в ранней диагностике первичной открытоугольной глаукомы. Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия «Образование, здравоохранение, физическая культура». 2013; 13(4):114-116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnov M.M. The new gonioscope model. Vestn Oftalmol. 1956;  2:24-28. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснов М.М. Новая модель гониоскопа. Вестник офтальмологии. 1956; 2:24-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnov M.M. Clinostatic test for early glaucoma diagnosis. Vestn Oftalmol. 1963; 1:26. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснов М.М. Клиностатическая проба для ранней диагностики глаукомы. Вестник офтальмологии. 1963; 1:26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnov M.M. Ophthalmosphigmography in healthy people and patients with glaucoma. Vestn Oftalmol. 1963; 2:8-25. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснов М.М. Офтальмосфигмография у здоровых и больных глаукомой. Вестник офтальмологии. 1963; 2:18-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dancheva L.D., Zhukova N.V. Night inpatient ward meaning in the common complex of glaucoma early diagnosis. Ophthalmology  journal. 1978; 1:3-6. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данчева Л.Д., Жукова Н.В. Значение ночного стационара в общем комплексе раннего выявления глаукомы. Офтальмологический журнал. 1978; 1:3-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang B.S., Wang N.L., Congdon N., Lei K., Mani B. Pupil constriction can alter the accuracy of dark room provocative test. Chin Med  J (Engl). 2009; 122(21):2620-2623.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang B.S., Wang N.L., Congdon N., Lei K., Mani B. Pupil constriction can alter the accuracy of dark room provocative test. Chin Med J (Engl). 2009; 122(21):2620-2623.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Domínguez-Dueñas F., Plaza-Espinosa L., Mundo-Fernández E.E., Jiménez-Reynoso C.A. et al. Early glaucoma screening using the ibopamine provocative test. J Glaucoma. 2016;25(5):e441-5. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000343</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Domínguez-Dueñas F., Plaza-Espinosa L., Mundo-Fernández E.E., Jiménez-Reynoso C.A. et al. Early glaucoma screening using the ibopamine provocative test. J Glaucoma. 2016;25(5):e441-5. doi: 10.1097/ IJG.0000000000000343</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magacho L., Costa M.L., Lima F.E., Magacho B., Avila M.P. [Prostaglandin analogues reduce the ibopamine provocative test specificity in glaucoma]. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2006; 69(2):193-196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magacho L., Costa M.L., Lima F.E., Magacho B., Avila M.P. [Prostaglandin analogues reduce the ibopamine provocative test specificity in glaucoma]. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2006; 69(2):193-196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frankovska-Gerlak M.Z., Brizhak P.E., Men’shikov A.Y. Functional loading test with caffeine as a detection method for hydrodynamic disturbances in patients with cataract and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Vestn Oftalmol. 2015; 131(6):11-15. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/oftalma2015131611-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Франковска-Герлак М.З., Брижак П.Е., Меньшиков А.Ю. Функциональная нагрузочная проба с кофеином как метод выявления нарушений гидродинамики глаза у пациентов с катарактой на фоне псевдоэксфолиативного синдрома. Вестник офтальмологии. 2015; 131(6):11-15. doi: 10.17116/oftalma2015131611-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hyams S.W., Friedman Z., Neumann E. Elevated intraocular pressure in the prone position. A new provocative test for angle-closure glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1968; 66(4):661-672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hyams S.W., Friedman Z., Neumann E. Elevated intraocular pressure in the prone position. A new provocative test for angle-closure glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1968; 66(4):661-672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zahari M., Ong Y.M., Taharin R., Ramli N. Darkroom prone provocative test in primary angle closure glaucoma relatives. Optom Vis Sci. 2014; 91(4):459-63. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000220</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zahari M., Ong Y.M., Taharin R., Ramli N. Darkroom prone provocative test in primary angle closure glaucoma relatives. Optom Vis Sci. 2014; 91(4):459-63. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000220</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanadani F.N., Moreira T.C.A., Campos L.F., Vianello M.P., Corradi J., Dorairaj S.K., Freitas A.L.A., Ritch R.. A new provocative test for glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2016; 10(1):1–3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanadani F.N., Moreira T.C.A., Campos L.F., Vianello M.P., Corradi J., Dorairaj S.K., Freitas A.L.A., Ritch R.. A new provocative test for glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2016; 10(1):1–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovin S.S. Clinical ophthalmology. Moscow, Leningrad, 1923.  (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головин С.С. Клиническая офтальмология. Москва, Ленинград; 1923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galin A., Aizawa M., Mc Lean J. Oral urea as an osmotic ocular hypotensive agent. Arch Ophthalmol. 1959; 62:1099-1100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galin A., Aizawa M., Mc Lean J. Oral urea as an osmotic ocular hypotensive agent. Arch Ophthalmol. 1959; 62:1099-1100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linnér E. Ocular hypertension. II. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor test for early detection of glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1978; 56(2):179-190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linnér E. Ocular hypertension. II. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor test for early detection of glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1978; 56(2):179-190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bietti G., Bucci M. Le sostanze ocular ad azione osmotica. Boll Oculist. 1967; 45(11):735-770.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bietti G., Bucci M. Le sostanze ocular ad azione osmotica. Boll Oculist. 1967; 45(11):735-770.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drance S.M., Saheb N.E., Schulzer M. Schulzer M. Response to topical epinephrine in chronic open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophtalmol. 1978; 96(6):1001-1002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drance S.M., Saheb N.E., Schulzer M. Schulzer M. Response to topical epinephrine in chronic open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophtalmol. 1978; 96(6):1001-1002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drance S.M., Saheb N.E., Schulzer M. Schulzer M. Response to topical epinephrine in chronic open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophtalmol. 1978; 96(6):1001-1002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
