<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glaucoma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальный журнал Глаукома</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Journal glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-4104</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-6862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25700/NJG.2020.03.03</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glaucoma-284</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительное исследование микроциркуляторных и структурных параметров фовеальной аваскулярной зоны у пациентов с глаукомой и сахарным диабетом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative study of microcirculatory and structural parameters of the foveal avascular zone in patients with glaucoma and diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фурсова</surname><given-names>А. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fursova</surname><given-names>A. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фурсова Анжелла Жановна,  доктор медицинских наук, зав. кафедрой офтальмологии; зав. офтальмологическим отделением</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52; 630087, Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 130</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Med.Sc.D., Head of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>52 Krasny Prospect, Novosibirsk,630091; 130 Nemirovich-Danchenko st., Novosibirsk, 630087</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anzhellafursova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамза</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamza</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-офтальмолог, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52; 630003, Новосибирск, ул. Владимировский спуск, 2а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Assistant professor of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>52 Krasny Prospect, Novosibirsk,630091; 2a Vladimirovskiy Spusk, Novosibirsk, 630003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasil’eva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-офтальмолог</p><p>630087, Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 130</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D.</p><p>130 Nemirovich-Danchenko st., Novosibirsk, 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дербенева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derbeneva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-офтальмолог, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52; 630087, Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 130</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant professor of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>52 Krasny Prospect, Novosibirsk,630091; 130 Nemirovich-Danchenko st., Novosibirsk, 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52; 630087, Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 130</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Assistant professor of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>52 Krasny Prospect, Novosibirsk,630091; 130 Nemirovich-Danchenko st., Novosibirsk, 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России; &#13;
ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University; &#13;
Novosibirsk State Region Hospital,</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России; &#13;
ЧУЗ «Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University; &#13;
“RR” OJSK, Railway clinical hospital on the station Novosibirsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Region Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России; &#13;
ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University; &#13;
Novosibirsk State Region Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фурсова А.Ж., Гамза Ю.А., Васильева М.С., Дербенева А.С., Тарасов М.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фурсова А.Ж., Гамза Ю.А., Васильева М.С., Дербенева А.С., Тарасов М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fursova A.Z., Gamza Y.A., Vasil’eva M.S., Derbeneva A.S., Tarasov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/284">https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/284</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Изучение параметров фовеальной аваскулярной зоны (ФАЗ) и ее связи с функциональными, структурными и гемодинамическими показателями макулы у пациентов с первичной открытоугольной глаукомой (ПОУГ) и сахарным диабетом (СД) 2 типа.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследование включены 103 пациента (161 глаз), которые были разделены на 3 группы: 1-я группа — 58 глаз (31 пациент) с ПОУГ I стадии и СД; 2-я группа — 53 глаза (36 пациентов) с ПОУГ I стадии; 3-я группа — 50 глаз (36 пациентов) с СД. Пациентам проведено полное офтальмологическое обследование, включая оптическую когерентную томографию в режиме ангиографии на аппарате Cirrus 5000 Angioplex («Carl Zeiss Meditec»). Оценивали функциональные, структурные, гемодинамические параметры, параметры ФАЗ: площадь, периметр, индекс циркулярности.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В группе пациентов сочетанного течения ПОУГ и СД отмечены самые низкие функциональные (максимально корригированная острота зрения (МКОЗ) 0,63±0,19, показатель MD -4,01±1,52 дБ, индекс поля зрения 94,69±3,09%) и структурные показатели (RNFL 79,91±12,66 мкм, GCL+IPL 66,33±15,39 мкм), сопровождающиеся снижением плотности кровотока и перфузии (wiPD 28,87±9,08%, wiVD 13,15±3,19 мм), уменьшением площади ФАЗ почти в 2 раза (0,62±0,03 мм2), увеличением ее периметра до 3,54±1,57 мм. Индекс циркулярности был достоверно ниже в 1 и 3-й группах (0,59±0,11 и 0,58±0,09 соответственно) по сравнению со 2-й группой (ПОУГ, 0,66±0,1). Результаты корреляционного анализа показали статистически значимую обратную зависимость площади и периметра ФАЗ от всех гемодинамических параметров.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Сочетанное течение ПОУГ и СД даже на начальных стадиях заболевания сопровождается выраженными структурными изменениями, ухудшением гемодинамических показателей и нарушением микроциркуляции макулы. Проведение динамического мониторинга площади и периметра аваскулярной зоны, индекса циркулярности имеет значение для контроля и ранней диагностики нарушений макулярной микроциркуляции, оценки риска и скорости прогрессирования глаукомной оптической нейропатии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>PURPOSE: To study the parameters of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and its relationship with the functional, structural and hemodynamic macular indicators in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 103 patients (161 eyes), who were divided into 3 groups: the 1st group — 58 eyes (31 patients) with 1st stage of POAG and diabetes; the 2nd group — 53 eyes (36 patients) with 1st stage of POAG; the 3rd group — 50 eyes (36 patients) with diabetes. The patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including optical coherence tomography with angiography mode using a Cirrus 5000 Angioplex machine (“Carl Zeiss Meditec”). Functional, structural, hemodynamic parameters, FAZ area, FAZ perimeter, circularity index were evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: The lowest functional indicators were noted in the group of patients with a combined course of POAG and diabetes (best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 0.63±0.19, MD -4.01±1.52 dB, visual field index 94.69±3.09%) and structural indicators (RNFL 79.91±12.66 μm and GCL+IPL 66.33±15.39 μm), accompanied by a decline in blood density and perfusion (wiPD 28.87±9.08%, wiVD 13.15±3.19/mm), a decrease in FAZ area almost by 2 times (0.62±0.03 mm2), an increase in its perimeter to 3.54±1.57 mm. The circularity index was significantly lower in groups 1 and 3 (0.59±0.11 and 0.58±0.09, respectively) compared with the 2nd group (POAG): 0.66±0.1. The results of the correlation analysis showed a statistically significant inverse dependence of the area and perimeter of FAZ on all hemodynamic parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The combined course of POAG and diabetes, even in the initial stages of the disease, is accompanied by pronounced structural changes, deterioration of hemodynamic parameters and impaired microcirculation of the macula. Dynamic monitoring of the area and perimeter of the avascular zone, the circularity index is important for the control and early diagnosis of macular microcirculation disorders, risk assessment and the rate of progression of optic neuropathy in patients with glaucoma.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ОКТ-А</kwd><kwd>фовеальная аваскулярная зона</kwd><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>плотность сосудов</kwd><kwd>перфузия</kwd><kwd>площадь</kwd><kwd>периметр ФАЗ</kwd><kwd>индекс циркулярности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>OCT-A</kwd><kwd>foveal avascular zone</kwd><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>vascular density</kwd><kwd>perfusion</kwd><kwd>area</kwd><kwd>perimeter of the FAZ</kwd><kwd>circularity index</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidl D., Garhofer G., Schmetterer L. The complex interaction between ocular perfusion pressure and ocular blood flow-relevance for glaucoma. Exp Eye Res. 2011; 93:141–155. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2010.09.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Schmidl D., Garhofer G., Schmetterer L. The complex interaction between ocular perfusion pressure and ocular blood flow-relevance for glaucoma. Exp Eye Res. 2011; 93:141–155. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2010.09.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonomi L., Marchini G., Marraffa M., Bernardi P. et al. Vascular risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma: the Egna-Neumarkt Study. Ophthalmology. 2000; 107(7):1287-1293. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00138</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonomi L., Marchini G., Marraffa M., Bernardi P. et al. Vascular risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma: the Egna-Neumarkt Study. Ophthalmology. 2000; 107(7):1287-1293. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00138</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan O., Chopra V., Lu A.T. et al. Detection of macular ganglion cell loss in glaucoma by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2009; 116:2305–2314. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan O., Chopra V., Lu A.T. et al. Detection of macular ganglion cell loss in glaucoma by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2009; 116:2305–2314. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim Y.J., Kang M.H., Cho H.Y., Lim H.W. et al. Comparative study of macular ganglion cell complex thickness measured by spectraldomain optical coherence tomography in healthy eyes, eyes with preperimetric glaucoma, and eyes with early glaucoma. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2014; 58(3):244-251. doi:10.1007/s10384-014-0315-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim Y.J., Kang M.H., Cho H.Y., Lim H.W. et al. Comparative study of macular ganglion cell complex thickness measured by spectraldomain optical coherence tomography in healthy eyes, eyes with preperimetric glaucoma, and eyes with early glaucoma. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2014; 58(3):244-251. doi:10.1007/s10384-014-0315-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Browning D.J. Retinal Vein Occlusions: Evidence-Based Management. New York, NY: Springer; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Browning D.J. Retinal Vein Occlusions: Evidence-Based Management. New York, NY: Springer; 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan G., Balaratnasingam C., Yu P.K. et al. Quantitative changes in perifoveal capillary networks in patients with vascular comorbidities. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54:5175–5185. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11945</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan G., Balaratnasingam C., Yu P.K. et al. Quantitative changes in perifoveal capillary networks in patients with vascular comorbidities. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54:5175–5185. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11945</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chao S.C., Yang S.J., Chen H.C., Sun C.C. et al. Early macular angiography among patients with glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and normal subjects. J Ophthalmol. 2019; 15:7419470. doi:10.1155/2019/7419470</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chao S.C., Yang S.J., Chen H.C., Sun C.C. et al. Early macular angiography among patients with glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and normal subjects. J Ophthalmol. 2019; 15:7419470. doi:10.1155/2019/7419470</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richter G.M., Madi I., Chu Z., Burkemper B. et al. Structural and functional associations of macular microcirculation in the ganglion cellinner plexiform layer in glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography. J Glaucoma. 2018; 27(3):281-290. doi: 10.1097/ IJG.0000000000000888</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richter G.M., Madi I., Chu Z., Burkemper B. et al. Structural and functional associations of macular microcirculation in the ganglion cellinner plexiform layer in glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography. J Glaucoma. 2018; 27(3):281-290. doi: 10.1097/ IJG.0000000000000888</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwon J., Choi J., Shin J.W., Lee J. et al. Alterations of the foveal avascular zone measured by optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma patients with central visual field defects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017; 58:1637–1645. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-21079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwon J., Choi J., Shin J.W., Lee J. et al. Alterations of the foveal avascular zone measured by optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma patients with central visual field defects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017; 58:1637–1645. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-21079</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hosari S., Hohberger B., Theelke L., Sari H. et al. OCT angiography: measurement of retinal macular microvasculature with Spectralis II OCT angiography reliability and reproducibility. Ophthalmologica. 2020; 243(1):7584. doi:10.1159/000502458</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hosari S., Hohberger B., Theelke L., Sari H. et al. OCT angiography: measurement of retinal macular microvasculature with Spectralis II OCT angiography reliability and reproducibility. Ophthalmologica. 2020; 243(1):7584. doi:10.1159/000502458</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwon J., Choi J., Shin J.W., Lee J. et al. Diagnostic capabilities of foveal avascular zone parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography according to visual field defect location. J Glaucoma. 2017; 26(12):1120-1129. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000800</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwon J., Choi J., Shin J.W., Lee J. et al. Diagnostic capabilities of foveal avascular zone parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography according to visual field defect location. J Glaucoma. 2017; 26(12):1120-1129. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000800</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lommatzsch C., Heinz C., Koch J.M., Heimes-Bussmann B. et al. Does the foveal avascular zone change in glaucoma? Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2020; Apr 9. doi:10.1055/a-1080-2900</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lommatzsch C., Heinz C., Koch J.M., Heimes-Bussmann B. et al. Does the foveal avascular zone change in glaucoma? Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2020; Apr 9. doi:10.1055/a-1080-2900</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takase N., Nozaki M., Kato A. et al. Enlargement of foveal avascular zone in diabetic eyes evaluated by en face optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2015; 35:2377-2383. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000849</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takase N., Nozaki M., Kato A. et al. Enlargement of foveal avascular zone in diabetic eyes evaluated by en face optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2015; 35:2377-2383. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000849</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagaoka T., Sato E., Takahashi A. et al. Impaired retinal circulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: retinal laser Doppler velocimetry study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010; 51:6729-6734. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5364</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagaoka T., Sato E., Takahashi A. et al. Impaired retinal circulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: retinal laser Doppler velocimetry study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010; 51:6729-6734. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5364</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freiberg F.J., Pfau M., Wons J. et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the foveal avascular zone in diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016; 254:1051-1058. doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3148-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freiberg F.J., Pfau M., Wons J. et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the foveal avascular zone in diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016; 254:1051-1058. doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3148-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Sheikh M., Akil H., Pfau M., Sadda S.R. Swept-source OCT angiography imaging of the foveal avascular zone and macular capillary network density in diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016; 57:3907-3913. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19570</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freiberg F.J., Pfau M., Wons J. et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the foveal avascular zone in diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016; 254:1051-1058. doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3148-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agemy S.A., Scripsema N.K., Shah C.M. et al. Retinal vascular perfusion density mapping using optical coherence tomography angiography in normals and diabetic retinopathy patients. Retina. 2015; 35:2353-2363. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000862</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Sheikh M., Akil H., Pfau M., Sadda S.R. Swept-source OCT angiography imaging of the foveal avascular zone and macular capillary network density in diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016; 57:3907-3913. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19570</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bates N.M., Tian J., Smiddy W.E., Lee W.H. et al. Relationship between the morphology of the foveal avascular zone, retinal structure, and macular circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus. D Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1):5355. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23604</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agemy S.A., Scripsema N.K., Shah C.M. et al. Retinal vascular perfusion density mapping using optical coherence tomography angiography in normals and diabetic retinopathy patients. Retina. 2015; 35:2353-2363. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000862</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mo S., Krawitz B., Efstathiadis E. et al. Imaging foveal microvasculature: optical coherence tomography angiography versus adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope fluorescein angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016; 57: OCT130–OCT140. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18932</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bates N.M., Tian J., Smiddy W.E., Lee W.H. et al. Relationship between the morphology of the foveal avascular zone, retinal structure, and macular circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus. D Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1):5355. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23604</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shahlaee A., Pefkianaki M., Hsu J., Ho A.C. Measurement of foveal avascular zone dimensions and its reliability in healthy eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016; 161:50–55.e1 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2015.09.026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mo S., Krawitz B., Efstathiadis E. et al. Imaging foveal microvasculature: optical coherence tomography angiography versus adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope fluorescein angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016; 57: OCT130–OCT140. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18932</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghassemi F., Mirshahi R., Bazvand F. et al. The quantitative measurements of foveal avascular zone using optical coherence tomography angiography in normal volunteers. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2017; 29:293–299. doi:10.3928/23258160-20170601-06</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shahlaee A., Pefkianaki M., Hsu J., Ho A.C. Measurement of foveal avascular zone dimensions and its reliability in healthy eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016; 161:50–55.e1 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2015.09.026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samara W.A., Say E.A.T., Khoo C.T.L. et al. Correlation of foveal avascular zone size with foveal morphology in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2015; 35:2188–2195. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000847</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghassemi F., Mirshahi R., Bazvand F. et al. The quantitative measurements of foveal avascular zone using optical coherence tomography angiography in normal volunteers. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2017; 29:293–299. doi:10.3928/23258160-20170601-06</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kostic M., Bates N.M., Milosevic N.T., Tian J. et al. Investigating the fractal dimension of the foveal microvasculature in relation to the morphology of the foveal avascular zone and to the macular circulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Physiol. 2018; 9:1233. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samara W.A., Say E.A.T., Khoo C.T.L. et al. Correlation of foveal avascular zone size with foveal morphology in normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2015; 35:2188–2195. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000847</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi J., Kwon J., Shin J.W., Lee J. et al. Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of macular vascular structure and foveal avascular zone in glaucoma. PLoS One. 2017; 12(9):e0184948. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184948</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostic M., Bates N.M., Milosevic N.T., Tian J. et al. Investigating the fractal dimension of the foveal microvasculature in relation to the morphology of the foveal avascular zone and to the macular circulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Physiol. 2018; 9:1233. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwon J., Choi J., Shin J.W., Lee J. et al. An optical coherence tomography angiography study of the relationship between foveal avascular zone size and retinal vessel density. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018; 59(10):4143-4153. doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi J., Kwon J., Shin J.W., Lee J. et al. Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of macular vascular structure and foveal avascular zone in glaucoma. PLoS One. 2017; 12(9):e0184948. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184948</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwon J., Choi J., Shin J.W., Lee J. et al. An optical coherence tomography angiography study of the relationship between foveal avascular zone size and retinal vessel density. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018; 59(10):4143-4153. doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwon J., Choi J., Shin J.W., Lee J. et al. An optical coherence tomography angiography study of the relationship between foveal avascular zone size and retinal vessel density. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018; 59(10):4143-4153. doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
