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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glaucoma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальный журнал Глаукома</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Journal glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-4104</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-6862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25700/NJG.2020.03.08</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glaucoma-291</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние никотинамида на течение глаукомы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of nicotinamide on glaucoma patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнеева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнеева Алина Владимировна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог</p><p>129301, Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ophthalmologist</p><p>3 Borisa Galushkina st., Moscow129301</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-bel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куроедов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuroyedov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, начальник отделения, профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>107014, Москва, ул. Большая Оленья, владение 8а;  117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Med.Sc.D., Professor, Head of Department8а Bol’shaya Olen’ya st., Moscow, 107014; 1 Ostrovitianov st., Moscow, 117997  </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газизова</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazizova</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделением</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Med.Sc.D., Head of OphthalmologyEndFragment Department, Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells</p><p>12 Akademika Pavlova st., Saint-Petersburg, 197376</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брежнев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brezhnev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>305041, Курск, ул. К. Маркса, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., associate Professor of Opthalmology Department</p><p>3 K. Marksa st., Kursk, 305041</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ловпаче</surname><given-names>Дж Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lovpache</surname><given-names>Dzh. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог, эксперт по глаукоме</p><p>129301, Москва, ул. Бориса Галушкина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Ophthalmologist, Glaucoma Expert</p><p>3 Borisa Galushkina st., Moscow129301</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лоскутов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loskoutov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, заведующий офтальмологическим отделением</p><p>123567, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 84.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Med.Sc.D., Head of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>84 Volokolamsk highway, Moscow, 123567.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">«Клиника 3Z»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">”Three-Z Clinic”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГУ «Центральный военный клинический госпиталь им. П.В. Мандрыка» МО РФ; &#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Mandryka Central Clinical Hospital; &#13;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины» РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО КГМУ Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-клинический центр ОАО «РЖД»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Science clinical center Russian railways<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корнеева А.В., Куроедов А.В., Газизова И.Р., Брежнев А.Ю., Ловпаче Д.Н., Лоскутов И.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корнеева А.В., Куроедов А.В., Газизова И.Р., Брежнев А.Ю., Ловпаче Д.Н., Лоскутов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korneeva A.V., Kuroyedov A.V., Gazizova I.R., Brezhnev A.Y., Lovpache D.N., Loskoutov I.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/291">https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/291</self-uri><abstract><p>В литературном обзоре обсуждается роль никотинамида (витамина В3) в обеспечении нейропротекторной и антиоксидантной защиты сетчатки при глаукомной оптической нейропатии. Приводятся данные зарубежных исследований, посвященных изучению положительного влияния данного вещества на состояние ганглиозных клеток сетчатки и аксонов зрительного нерва. В зарубежной литературе последних лет отмечается возрождение интереса к применению никотинамида при глаукоме. Это связано с его активным влиянием на обменные процессы. В качестве кофактора энзимов он задействован в метаболизме клетки, тканевом дыхании, экспрессии генов, окислительно-восстановительных процессах и репарации дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоты. Никотинамид предотвращает и замедляет процессы, вызывающие апоптоз, такие как: ишемия, окислительный стресс, воспаление, митохондриальная дисфункция, эксайтотоксичность, нарушение аксонального транспорта и потеря нейротрофинов, обеспечивая прямую нейропротекцию. В центральной нервной системе витамин B3 признан ключевым медиатором развития и выживания нейронов. Он способствует дифференцировке нервных клеток из эмбриональных стволовых в зрелые нейроны, повышает синаптическую пластичность нейронов и способствует росту аксональных отростков. Он показал существенное противовоспалительное, антиоксидантное и антиапоптотическое действие в различных клетках и тканях. Никотинамид также противодействует амилоидной токсичности и образованию активных форм кислорода, а его биодоступности принадлежит решающая роль для нормального функционирования нейронов и профилактики процессов нейродегенерации.</p><p>Особое внимание уделяется антиоксидантной и нейропротекторной роли ниацина и его производных, а также его дефициту при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях и других невропатологических состояниях. Дефицит никотинамида в плазме был выявлен и при глаукоме (независимо от уровня внутриглазного давления). Это позволило ученым предположить, что добавки никотинамида могут стать будущей терапевтической стратегией при глаукоме (как дополнение к гипотензивной терапии). Было выявлено, что пероральное применение ниацина оказывает выраженное нейропротекторное действие, защищает ганглиозные клетки сетчатки при хронической глазной гипертензии. Потребление ниацина положительно коррелировало с улучшением состояния сосудистого эндотелия и снижением окислительного стресса. Таким образом, никотинамид может стать ценным дополнением к гипотензивной терапии глаукомы и других нейродегенеративных заболеваний, а также состояний, связанных с процессами старения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The literature review dwells on the role of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in providing neuroprotective and antioxidant protection of the retina in glaucoma optic neuropathy. It presents the data of foreign studies on its positive influence on the condition of retinal ganglion cells and axons of the optic nerve. There is a revival of interest to nicotinamide use in glaucoma in foreign literature of recent years. This is due to its active influence on metabolic processes. As a cofractor of enzymes, it is involved in cell metabolism, tissue respiration, gene expression, redox processes and the repair of deoxyribonucleic acid. Due to direct neuroprotection nicotinamide prevents and slows down the processes that cause apoptosis, such as ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, impaired axonal transport and loss of neurotrophins. In the central nervous system, vitamin B3 is recognized as a key mediator of the development and survival of neurons. It promotes the differentiation of nerve cells from embryonic stem cells into mature neurons, increases the synaptic plasticity of neurons and promotes the growth of axonal processes. It also shows significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects in various cells and tissues. Nicotinamide counteracts amyloid toxicity and the formation of reactive oxygen species, and its bioavailability plays a crucial role in normal functioning of neurons and in the prevention of neurodegeneration processes.</p><p>Particular attention is paid to the antioxidant and neuroprotective role of niacin, as well as its deficiency in neurodegenerative diseases, and other neuropathological conditions. Plasma nicotinamide deficiency was also detected in glaucoma. This allowes suggesting that nicotinamide supplements could be the future therapeutic strategy for glaucoma (as an adjunctive to antihypertensive therapy). It was found that oral administration of niacin has a pronounced neuroprotective effect, protects retinal ganglion cells in chronic ocular hypertension. Niacin consumption correlats with an improvement of vascular endothelium and an oxidative stress reduction. Thus, nicotinamide can be a valuable addition to the antihypertensive therapy of glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as conditions associated with aging.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>никотинамид</kwd><kwd>ниацин</kwd><kwd>глаукомная оптическая нейропатия</kwd><kwd>нейропротекция.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nicotinamide</kwd><kwd>niacin</kwd><kwd>glaucomatous optic neuropathy</kwd><kwd>neuroprotection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quigley H.A., Broman A.T. The number of people with glaucoma worldwi de in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006; 90:262–267. doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.081224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quigley H.A., Broman A.T. The number of people with glaucoma worldwi de in 2010 and 2020. 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