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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glaucoma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальный журнал Глаукома</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Journal glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-4104</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-6862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25700/NJG.2020.02.08</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glaucoma-299</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Первичная открытоугольная глаукома у пациентов с сахарным диабетом: патогенетические и клинические параллели развития (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with diabetes mellitus: pathogenetic and clinical parallels of development (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фурсова</surname><given-names>А. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fursova</surname><given-names>A. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фурсова Анжелла Жановна, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой офтальмологии; заведующая офтальмологическим отделением</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52, </p><p>630087, Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 130</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Med.Sc.D., Head of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>52 Krasny Prospect, Novosibirsk, 630091, </p><p>130 Nemirovich-Danchenko st., Novosibirsk, 630087</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anzhellafursova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамза</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamza</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-офтальмолог, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52, </p><p>630003, Новосибирск, ул. Владимировский спуск, 2а</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Assistant professor of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>52 Krasny Prospect, Novosibirsk, 630091,</p><p>2a Vladimirovskiy Spusk, Novosibirsk, 630003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52, </p><p>630087, Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 130</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Assistant professor of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>52 Krasny Prospect, Novosibirsk, 630091;</p><p>130 Nemirovich-Danchenko st., Novosibirsk, 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дербенева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derbeneva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-офтальмолог, ассистент кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный проспект, 52, </p><p>630087, Новосибирск, ул. Немировича-Данченко, 130</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Assistant professor of Ophthalmology Department</p><p>52 Krasny Prospect, Novosibirsk, 630091;</p><p>130 Nemirovich-Danchenko st., Novosibirsk, 630087</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России;&#13;
ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University;&#13;
Novosibirsk State Region Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России;&#13;
ЧУЗ «Клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University;&#13;
“RR” OJSK, Railway clinical hospital on the station Novosibirsk-Glavniy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фурсова А.Ж., Гамза Ю.А., Тарасов М.С., Дербенева А.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фурсова А.Ж., Гамза Ю.А., Тарасов М.С., Дербенева А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fursova A.Z., Gamza Y.A., Tarasov M.S., Derbeneva A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/299">https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/299</self-uri><abstract><p>Первичная открытоугольная глаукома как хроническая прогрессирующая нейропатия, характеризующаяся функциональными и структурными изменениями зрительного нерва, является одной из основных причин слепоты и инвалидности. При общей распространенности в популяции 3%, среди пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД) риск заболеваемости глаукомой увеличивается в 1,4 раза и возрастает по мере увеличения продолжительности заболевания. Показана роль уровня гликемии как важного фактора риска развития и прогрессии патологии. Сходные патогенетические механизмы развития заболевания определяют их как нейродегенеративные вследствие развития клеточного апоптоза, связанного с избыточным освобождением глутамата, образованием активных форм кислорода, конечных продуктов гликирования и окисления липидов, с митохондриальными нарушениями. Теория «мозгового диабета» рассматривает глаукому как диабет 4 типа. При этом определяющей становится роль компенсации углеводного обмена, при отсутствии которой инсулинорезистентность усугубляет транссинаптическую нейродегенерацию. Центральная теория резистентности к инсулину у пациентов с СД объясняет механизмы развития глаукомы за счет нарушения трабекулярного оттока, сосудистых изменений (амилоидная ангиопатия) и глиальной активации. Использование метформина и инсулина снижает риск развития и тяжесть прогрессирования глаукомного процесса. Исследования структурных и ангиографических параметров оптической когерентной томографии показали сходное уменьшение объема комплекса ганглиозных клеток, средней толщины слоя нервных волокон сетчатки, перипапиллярной плотности капиллярного слоя у пациентов с глаукомой и СД. Коморбидное их течение сопровождается выраженными структурными и функциональными изменениями вследствие нейродегенеративного процесса, что предопределяет варианты их течения, риск ранней прогрессии и тяжелой потери зрительных функций. Пациенты с глаукомой на фоне СД должны находиться под более пристальным наблюдением специалистов, быть информированы о рисках и необходимости как адекватного гликемического контроля, так и мониторинга функциональных и структурных изменений зрительного нерва и сетчатки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Primary open-angle glaucoma as a chronic progressive neuropathy, characterized by functional and structural changes in the optic nerve, is one of the main causes of blindness and disability. With a general prevalence of 3% in the population of patients with diabetes mellitus, the risk of its development increases by 1.4 times and increases with the duration of the disease. The role of glycemia level as an important risk factor for the development and progression of the disease is shown. Similar pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the disease define them as neurodegenerative, with determining mechanisms for the development of cellular apoptosis associated with excessive release of glutamate, the formation of reactive oxygen species, end products of glycation and oxidation of lipids, with mitochondrial disorders. The theory of “Brain diabetes” considers glaucoma to be a type 4 diabetes. In this case, the role of compensation for carbohydrate metabolism in the absence of which insulin resistance exacerbates transsynaptic neurodegeneration becomes crucial. The central theory of insulin resistance in patients with diabetes explains the mechanisms of glaucoma due to impaired trabecular outflow, vascular changes (amyloid angiopathy) and glial activation. The use of metformin and insulin reduces the risk of development and the severity of the progression of the glaucoma process. A study of the structural and angiographic parameters of optical coherence tomography showed a similar decrease in the volume of the ganglion cell complex, the average thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, and the peripapillary density of the capillary layer in patients with glaucoma and diabetes. Their comorbid course is accompanied by pronounced structural and functional changes due to the neurodegenerative process, which determines the variants of their progress, the risk of early progression and severe loss of visual function. Patients with glaucoma in the presence of diabetes should be closely monitored by specialists, be informed about the risks and the need for both adequate glycemic control and the monitoring of functional and structural changes in the optic nerve and retina.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>внутриглазное давление</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>инсулин</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>фактор роста сосудов</kwd><kwd>ОКТ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>intraocular pressure</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>insulin</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>vascular growth factor</kwd><kwd>OCT</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tham Y.C., Li X., Wong T.Y. et al. 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