glaucomaНациональный журнал ГлаукомаNational Journal glaucoma2078-41042311-6862Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”10.25700/NJG.2020.04.08glaucoma-309Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEW OF LITERATUREДифференциально-диагностические признаки начальной глаукомы у пациентов с миопией высокой степениDifferential diagnostic signs of glaucoma in patients with high myopiaЗвереваО. Г.ZverevaO. G.

Зверева Ольга Германовна, заведующая глаукомным кабинетом, ассистент кафедры

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 14,

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 36

Head of Glaucoma Cabinet, teaching assistant

14 Butlerova st., Каzan, 420012, 

36 Butlerova st., Kazan, 420012

olga-zg@mail.ruЛяховаЕ. А.LyakhovaE. A.

Врач-офтальмолог

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 14

Ophthalmologist

36 Butlerova st., Kazan, 420012

СелезневА. В.SeleznevA. V.

Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры оториноларингологии и офтальмологии

153012, Иваново, пр. Шереметевский, 8

Ph.D., Associate Professor, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology Department

8 Sheremetevsky prosp., Ivanovo, 153012

ГазизоваИ. Р.GazizovaI. R.

Доктор медицинских наук, заведующая офтальмологическим отделением

197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12

12 Akademika Pavlova st., St. Petersburg, 197376

БрежневА. Ю.BrezhnevA. Yu.

Доктор медицинских наук, заведующий офтальмологическим отделением

305041, Курск, ул. К. Маркса, 3

Ph.D., Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Department

3 K. Marksa st., Kursk, 305041

КуроедовА. В.KuroyedovA. V.

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии, начальник офтальмологического отделения

107014, Москва, ул. Большая Оленья, 8А,

117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1

Med.Sc.D., Professor, Head of Ophthalmology Department, Head of Ophthalmology Ward

8A Bolshaya Olenya st., Moscow, 107014,

1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 1179972

ГАУЗ «РКОБ Минздрава РТ им. проф. Е.В. Адамюка»; «КГМА» — филиал ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава РоссииРоссияAdamyuk Republican Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital; Kazan State Medical Academy — branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian FederationГАУЗ «РКОБ Минздрава РТ им. проф. Е.В. Адамюка»РоссияAdamyuk Republican Clinical Ophthalmological HospitalRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО ИвГМА Минздрава РоссииРоссияIvanovo State Medical AcademyRussian FederationФГНУ «ИЭМ» РАНРоссияInstitute of Experimental MedicineRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО КГМУ Минздрава РоссииРоссияKursk State Medical University, Department of OphthalmologyRussian FederationФКУ «ЦВКГ им. П.В. Мандрыка» Минобороны России; ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияMandryka Central Military Clinical Hospital; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU)Russian Federation2020231120201946472Copyright © Зверева О.Г., Ляхова Е.А., Селезнев А.В., Газизова И.Р., Брежнев А.Ю., Куроедов А.В., 20202020Зверева О.Г., Ляхова Е.А., Селезнев А.В., Газизова И.Р., Брежнев А.Ю., Куроедов А.В.Zvereva O.G., Lyakhova E.A., Seleznev A.V., Gazizova I.R., Brezhnev A.Y., Kuroyedov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/309

Клинические и популяционные исследования показали, что миопия средней и высокой степени ассоциирована с повышенным риском первичной открытоугольной глаукомы, глаукомы нормального давления и офтальмогипертензии. Сочетание этих патологий усиливает риск снижения зрения вплоть до слепоты. У пациентов с миопией нередко встречается гипердиагностика или гиподиагностика, если не приняты во внимание специфические различия глаукомных и миопических изменений. Поэтому необходима разработка стандартов диагностики и мониторинга глаукомного процесса у пациентов с осевой миопией, поскольку многообразие данных, а также несогласованность представлений о типичных признаках глаукомы у пациентов с миопией приводят к затруднению диагностики, позднему выявлению и снижению эффективности курации этой группы пациентов. Данный обзор направлен на анализ имеющихся результатов различных методов диагностики глаукомы у пациентов с осевой близорукостью. Акцентировано внимание на особенностях функциональных и анатомических изменений, встречающихся при осевой миопии и глаукоме.

Clinical and population-based studies have shown that moderate and high myopia is associated with an increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal pressure glaucoma, and ophthalmic hypertension. The combination of these eye pathologies amplifies the risk of decreased vision and can lead to blindness. In eyes with myopia, false overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis are common when specific differences between glaucoma and myopic changes are not taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary to develop standards for the diagnosis and monitoring of the glaucoma process in patients with axial myopia, especially considering that the diversity of data, as well as the inconsistency of ideas about the typical signs of glaucoma in patients with myopia, make it difficult to diagnose, and can result in late detection and decrease in the effectiveness of observation of this group of patients. This review analyzes the results of various diagnostic methods for glaucoma in patients with axial myopia, and pays special attention to functional and anatomical changes in axial myopia and glaucoma.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.