glaucomaНациональный журнал ГлаукомаNational Journal glaucoma2078-41042311-6862Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”10.53432/2078-4104-2024-23-1-65-74glaucoma-508Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSВзаимосвязь метаболического синдрома и его коррекции с развитием и прогрессированием глаукомыThe relationship of the metabolic syndrome and its correction with the development and progression of glaucomahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-1188МакогонС. И.MakogonS. I.

Макогон Светлана Ивановна, д.м.н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой офтальмологии с курсом ДПО, заведующая взрослого офтальмологического поликлинического отделения

656038, Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 40

Makogon S. I., Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Academic Department of Ophthalmology with a CPE course; Head of the Adult Ophthalmological Polyclinic Department

40 Lenina ave., Barnaul, 656038

8 Sovetskaya St., Barnaul, 656002

vvk_msi@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-8904ИвановаД. И.IvanovaD. I.

Иванова Д. И., ассистент кафедры офтальмологии с курсом ДПО

656002, Барнаул, ул. Советская, 8

Ivanova D. I., Assistant at the Academic Department of Ophthalmology with a CPE course

40 Lenina ave., Barnaul, 656038

ФГБОУ ВО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияAltai State Medical University; Altai Regional Ophthalmological HospitalRussian FederationКГБУЗ «Алтайская краевая офтальмологическая больница»РоссияAltai State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2024260420242316574Copyright © Макогон С.И., Иванова Д.И., 20242024Макогон С.И., Иванова Д.И.Makogon S.I., Ivanova D.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/508

Глаукома по-прежнему остается основной причиной необратимой слепоты во всем мире. Основным доказанным фактором риска является повышенный уровень внутриглазного давления. Но остаются вопросы о влиянии различных соматических заболеваний и их коррекции на течение глаукомы. В обзоре представлена информация о метаболическом синдроме, рассмотрены некоторые его компоненты и их коррекция у пациентов с глаукомой. Метаболический синдром включает в себя артериальную гипертензию, сахарный диабет, дислипидемию и ожирение. Представленные экспериментальные и клинические исследования показывают, что компоненты метаболического синдрома коррелируют с глаукомой. Такие компоненты метаболического синдрома, как артериальная гипертензия и сахарный диабет, как факторы риска развития глаукомы не вызывают сомнений. Мнение исследователей в отношении ожирения и дислипидемии как факторов риска неоднозначны. Но в последнее время к ним возрос интерес, что связано с углубленным изучением микробиома, изменение которого играет определенную роль в развитии нейродегенеративных заболеваний центральной нервной системы и сетчатки. В ряде исследований отмечено, что избыточный вес и ожирение связано с риском развития глаукомы. Показатели липидного обмена также имели определенную связь с риском развития глаукомного процесса. Для коррекции нарушений липидного обмена активно используется группа препаратов — статинов. Последние исследования показывают, что они могут оказывать не только гиполипидемическое действие. Так, в ряде работ продемонстрировано улучшение кровообращения и нейропротекторный эффект.

Glaucoma continues to be the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The main proven risk factor is elevated intraocular pressure. But questions remain on the impact of various somatic diseases and their correction on the course of glaucoma. This review provides information on the metabolic syndrome and considers some of its components and their correction in patients with glaucoma.

The metabolic syndrome includes arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and obesity. The presented experimental and clinical studies show that the components of the metabolic syndrome correlate with glaucoma. Such components of the metabolic syndrome as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus are without doubt risk factors for the development of glaucoma. The opinions of researchers regarding whether obesity and dyslipidemia can also be considered risk factors are ambiguous. Recently, however, interest in them has increased due to in-depth study of the microbiome, since changes in it play a certain role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system and the retina. Several studies have noted that being overweight and obese is associated with a risk of developing glaucoma. Indicators of lipid metabolism also showed a certain relationship with the risk of developing glaucoma. Treatment of lipid metabolism disorders commonly involves the use of statin drugs. Recent studies show that they may have more than just a hypolipidemic effect. A number of studies has demonstrated that the use of statins improves blood circulation and has a neuroprotective effect.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.