glaucomaНациональный журнал ГлаукомаNational Journal glaucoma2078-41042311-6862Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”10.53432/2078-4104-2024-23-2-70-78glaucoma-526Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSКогнитивные нарушения при глаукоме и возможности их коррекцииCognitive impairment in glaucoma and the possibilities of its correctionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-5912КорелинаВ. Е.KorelinaV. E.

Корелина Виктория Евгеньевна, к.м.н., офтальмолог

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12А

Cand. Sci. (Med.), ophthalmologist

12A Academika Pavlova St., Staint Petersburg, 197022

viktoriakorelinanana@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-9532-8191СемизороваИ. Н.SemizorovaI. N.

клинический психолог, психотерапевт, супервизор, руководитель и преподаватель школы практической психологии

195009, Санкт-Петербург, ул Комсомола, 2, литера А, пом. 13н

clinical psychologist, psychotherapist, supervisor, lecturer and the Head of School of Experimental Psychology

2A Comsomola St., ofc. 13n, Saint Petersburg, 195009

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-9931ГазизоваИ. Р.GazizovaI. R.

д.м.н., ученый секретарь, заведующая отделением офтальмологии

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12А

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Scientific Secretary, Head of the Ophthalmology Department

12A Academika Pavlova St., Staint Petersburg, 197022

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3821-689XНагорноваЗ. М.NagornovaZ. M.

к.м.н., ассистент кафедры оториноларингологии и офтальмологии

153012, Иваново, Шереметевский проспект, 8

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Proffessor at the Academic Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology

 8 Sheremetyevskiy Ave., Ivanovo,153012

ФГБУН Институт мозга человека РАН им. Н.П. БехтеревойРоссияN.P. Bechterev Institute of the Human Brain of RASRussian FederationООО «ГАМАЮН»РоссияOOO GamayunRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО Ивановская государственная медицинская академия Минздрава РоссииРоссияIvanovo State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2024260620242327078Copyright © Корелина В.Е., Семизорова И.Н., Газизова И.Р., Нагорнова З.М., 20242024Корелина В.Е., Семизорова И.Н., Газизова И.Р., Нагорнова З.М.Korelina V.E., Semizorova I.N., Gazizova I.R., Nagornova Z.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/526

Первичная открытоугольная глаукома (ПОУГ) — многофакторное, прогредиентное заболевание, патогенез которого полностью не изучен. В обзоре проанализированы работы, подтверждающие связь эмоционального состояния, особенностей психики и морфофункционального состояния центральной нервной системы с развитием и прогрессированием ПОУГ. Показано, что психопатологические расстройства неизбежны при таких хронических нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, как болезнь Альцгеймера и глаукома. Приводятся данные, подтверждающие, что когнитивные показатели коррелируют с толщиной слоя ганглиозных клеток сетчатки. Ганглиозные клетки сетчатки можно считать маркером не только глаукомы, но и церебральной нейродегенерации, когнитивных нарушений, уровня тревоги и депрессии. Оптическую когерентную томографию сетчатки можно рассматривать как способ раннего выявления когнитивных нарушений и нейродегенеративных процессов головного мозга. Подтверждается, что больным с открытоугольной глаукомой необходимо проведение комплексного неврологического и нейропсихологического обследования для раннего выявления когнитивных расстройств и назначения своевременного психокорректирующего лечения. Впервые делается акцент на необходимости психотерапевтического сопровождения глаукомных пациентов ввиду распространенности депрессии, деменции и нарушений сна среди пациентов с глаукомой.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial, progressive disease, which pathogenesis is not completely understood. This review analyzes studies that confirm the relationship between emotional state, mental characteristics, and the morphological-functional state of the central nervous system with the development and progression of POAG. The psychopathological disorders are shown to be inevitable in such chronic neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma. The article presents data confirming that cognitive indicators correlate with the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer. Retinal ganglion cells can be considered a marker not only for glaucoma, but also for cerebral neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression levels. Optical coherence tomography of the retina can be used as a method for early detection of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative processes in the brain. It is confirmed that patients with open-angle glaucoma need a comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological examination for early identification of cognitive disorders and timely prescription of psychotherapeutic treatment. The article also emphasizes the need for psychotherapeutic support due to the prevalence of depression, dementia, and sleep disturbances among glaucoma patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.