glaucomaНациональный журнал ГлаукомаNational Journal glaucoma2078-41042311-6862Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”10.53432/2078-4104-2025-24-4-70-80glaucoma-598Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSВоспаление и фильтрующая хирургия глаукомы. Часть 2: значение противовоспалительной терапии в хирургии глаукомыInflammation and glaucoma filtration surgery. Part 2: the role of anti-inflammatory therapy in glaucoma surgeryhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-8238-4741Абудайяк БахааА. М.Abudayyak BahaaA. M.

врач-офтальмолог, аспирант кафедры оториноларингологии  и офтальмологии

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9

ophthalmologist, postgraduate student at the Department  of Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology

7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034

baha.jin@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-1289НиколаенкоВ. П.NikolaenkoV. P.

д.м.н., профессор кафедры оториноларингологии и офтальмологии,  заместитель главного врача по офтальмологии

199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9

194354, Санкт-Петербург, Учебный пер., 5

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Deputy Chief Doctor for Ophthalmology

7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034

5 Uchebnyy Ln., Saint Petersburg, 194354

ФГБОУ ВО СПбГУРоссияSaint Petersburg State UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО СПбГУ; СПб ГБУЗ «ГМПБ № 2»РоссияSaint Petersburg State University; City Multidisciplinary Hospital No. 2Russian Federation2025011220252447080Copyright © Абудайяк Бахаа А.М., Николаенко В.П., 20252025Абудайяк Бахаа А.М., Николаенко В.П.Abudayyak Bahaa A.M., Nikolaenko V.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/598

Многолетнее применение местных гипотензивных препаратов, особенно содержащих консерванты, у па- циентов с глаукомой приводит к значительным изменениям глазной поверхности. Патогенетическую основу этих изменений составляют снижение слезопродукции и стабильности слезной пленки, обеднение популяции бокаловидных клеток, повышенная экспрессия провоспалительных цитокинов, дисрегуляция факторов роста, а также клеточная инфильтрация покровных тканей глаза. Развивающееся при этом субклиническое воспаление обусловливает непредсказуемое заживление послеоперационной раны. Эти изменения являются ключевым патогенетическим звеном в цепи событий, приводящих к раннему субконъюнктивальному фиброзу, что, в свою очередь, становится основной причиной неудачи фильтрующих операций. В представленном обзоре проведен анализ современных стратегий улучшения отдаленных результатов фильтрующих операций. Рассмотрены основные аспекты комплексной предоперационной подготовки глазной поверхности, включающей использование щадящих лекарственных режимов, антифлогистических и увлажняющих средств. Также проведен анализ современных подходов к фармакологической модуляции процессов заживления послеоперационной раны с особым акцентом на применение противовоспалительной терапии.

Long-term use of topical hypotensive medications, particularly preservative-containing formulations, in glaucoma patients induces significant ocular surface alterations. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying these changes involve reduced tear production and tear film stability, goblet cell loss, upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, growth factor dysregulation, and cellular infiltration of ocular surface tissues. The resulting subclinical inflammation leads to unpredictable postoperative wound healing. These changes represent a critical link in the cascade of events leading to early subconjunctival fibrosis, which in turn becomes the primary cause of failure in filtration surgeries. This review evaluates current strategies aimed at improving long-term outcomes of glaucoma filtration surgery. The work examines critical aspects of preoperative ocular surface preparation, including surface-sparing medication regimens, the use of anti-inflammatory agents and artificial tears. Modern approaches to pharmacological modulation of postoperative wound healing are also reviewed, with particular emphasis on the role of antiinflammatory therapy.

глаукоматрабекулэктомияфильтрующая хирургияглазная поверхностьвоспалениепротивовоспалительная терапияглюкокортикоидыНПВПglaucomatrabeculectomyfiltration surgeryocular surfaceinflammationanti-inflammatory therapyglucocorticoidsNSAIDsReferencesChamard C, Larrieu S, Baudouin C, Bron A, et al. Preservative-free versus preserved glaucoma eye drops and occurrence of glaucoma surgery. A retrospective study based on the French national health insurance information system, 2008-2016. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98(7):e876-e881. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14410Chamard C, Larrieu S, Baudouin C, Bron A, et al. Preservative-free versus preserved glaucoma eye drops and occurrence of glaucoma surgery. A retrospective study based on the French national health insurance information system, 2008-2016. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98(7):e876-e881. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.14410Tailor R, Batra R, Mohamed S. A National Survey of Glaucoma Specialists on the Preoperative (Trabeculectomy) Management of the Ocular Surface (.). Semin Ophthalmol 2016; 31(6):519-525. https://doi.org/10.3109/08820538.2014.986585Tailor R, Batra R, Mohamed S. A National Survey of Glaucoma Specialists on the Preoperative (Trabeculectomy) Management of the Ocular Surface (.). Semin Ophthalmol 2016; 31(6):519-525. https://doi.org/10.3109/08820538.2014.986585Piłat J, Przekora A, Wróbel-Dudzińska D, Kazimierczak P, et al. Analysis of the impact of different schemes of preparation to trabeculectomy on the healing markers on the Tenon fibroblasts cultures. Sci Rep 2023; 13(1):16353. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43246-zPiłat J, Przekora A, Wróbel-Dudzińska D, Kazimierczak P, et al. Analysis of the impact of different schemes of preparation to trabeculectomy on the healing markers on the Tenon fibroblasts cultures. Sci Rep 2023; 13(1):16353. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43246-zBroadway DC, Grierson I, Stürmer J, Hitchings RA. Reversal of topical antiglaucoma medication effects on the conjunctiva. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996; 114(3):262-267. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130258004Broadway DC, Grierson I, Stürmer J, Hitchings RA. Reversal of topical antiglaucoma medication effects on the conjunctiva. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996; 114(3):262-267. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130258004Lorenz K, Wasielica-Poslednik J, Bell K, et al. Efficacy and safety of preoperative IOP reduction using a preservative-free fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol eye drops versus oral acetazolamide and dexamethasone eye drops and assessment of the clinical outcome of trabeculectomy in glaucoma. PLoS One. 2017; 12(2):e0171636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171636Lorenz K, Wasielica-Poslednik J, Bell K, et al. Efficacy and safety of preoperative IOP reduction using a preservative-free fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol eye drops versus oral acetazolamide and dexamethasone eye drops and assessment of the clinical outcome of trabeculectomy in glaucoma. PLoS One. 2017; 12(2):e0171636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171636Петров С.Ю., Антонов А.А., Макарова А.С., Вострухин С.В., et al. Возможности пролонгации гипотензивного эффекта трабекулэктомии. Вестник офтальмологии 2015; 131(1):75‑81. https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2015131175-81Petrov SY, Antonov АА, Makarova АS, Vostrukhin SV, et al. [Options for prolonging the hypotensive effect of trabeculectomy]. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology 2015; 131(1):75-81. https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2015131175-81Breusegem C, Spielberg L, Van Ginderdeuren R, et al. Preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or steroid and outcomes after trabeculectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmology. 2010; 117(7):1324-1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.11.038Breusegem C, Spielberg L, Van Ginderdeuren R, et al. Preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or steroid and outcomes after trabeculectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmology. 2010; 117(7):1324-1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.11.038Baudouin C, Nordmann JP, Denis P, Creuzot-Garcher C, et al. Efficacy of indomethacin 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% on conjunctival inflammation following chronic application of antiglaucomatous drugs. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2002; 240(11):929-935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-002-0581-9Baudouin C, Nordmann JP, Denis P, Creuzot-Garcher C, et al. Efficacy of indomethacin 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% on conjunctival inflammation following chronic application of antiglaucomatous drugs. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2002; 240(11):929-935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-002-0581-9Breusegem C, Spielberg L, Van Ginderdeuren R, et al. Preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or steroid and outcomes after trabeculectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmology 2010; 117(7):1324-1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.11.038Breusegem C, Spielberg L, Van Ginderdeuren R, et al. Preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or steroid and outcomes after trabeculectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmology 2010; 117(7):1324-1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.11.038Agnifili L, Sacchi M, Figus M, et al. Preparing the ocular surface for glaucoma filtration surgery: an unmet clinical need. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100(7):740-751. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.15098Agnifili L, Sacchi M, Figus M, et al. Preparing the ocular surface for glaucoma filtration surgery: an unmet clinical need. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100(7):740-751. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.15098Yu F, Liu X, Zhong Y, et al. Sodium hyaluronate decreases ocular surface toxicity induced by benzalkonium chloride-preserved latanoprost: an in vivo study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54(5):3385-3393. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.12-11181Yu F, Liu X, Zhong Y, et al. Sodium hyaluronate decreases ocular surface toxicity induced by benzalkonium chloride-preserved latanoprost: an in vivo study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54(5):3385-3393. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.12-11181Малюгин Б.Э., Сидорова А.В., Старостина А.В., Журавлев А.С., et al. Фармакотерапевтические подходы к управлению репаративными процессами в хирургии глаукомы. Вестник офтальмологии 2022; 138(4):136-143. https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2022138041136Malyugin BE, Sidorova AV, Starostina AV, Zhuravlev AS, et al. Pharmacological modulation of wound healing in glaucoma surgery. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology 2022; 138(4):136‑143. https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2022138041136Bell K, de Padua Soares Bezerra B, Mofokeng M, et al. Learning from the past: Mitomycin C use in trabeculectomy and its application in bleb-forming minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 66(1):109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.05.005Bell K, de Padua Soares Bezerra B, Mofokeng M, et al. Learning from the past: Mitomycin C use in trabeculectomy and its application in bleb-forming minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 66(1):109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.05.005Vinod K, Gedde SJ, Feuer WJ, et al. Practice Preferences for Glaucoma Surgery: A Survey of the American Glaucoma Society. J Glaucoma 2017; 26(8):687-693. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000720Vinod K, Gedde SJ, Feuer WJ, et al. Practice Preferences for Glaucoma Surgery: A Survey of the American Glaucoma Society. J Glaucoma 2017; 26(8):687-693. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000720Choudhari NS, Pathak-Ray V, Kaushik S, Vyas P, et al. Prevalent practice patterns in glaucoma: Poll of Indian ophthalmologists at a national conference. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016; 64(10):715-721. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.195004Choudhari NS, Pathak-Ray V, Kaushik S, Vyas P, et al. Prevalent practice patterns in glaucoma: Poll of Indian ophthalmologists at a national conference. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016; 64(10):715-721. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.195004Siriwardena D, Edmunds B, Wormald RP, Khaw PT. National survey of antimetabolite use in glaucoma surgery in the United Kingdom. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88(7):873-876. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2003.034256Siriwardena D, Edmunds B, Wormald RP, Khaw PT. National survey of antimetabolite use in glaucoma surgery in the United Kingdom. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88(7):873-876. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2003.034256Mercieca K, Drury B, Bhargava A, Fenerty C. Trabeculectomy bleb needling and antimetabolite administration practices in the UK: a glaucoma specialist national survey. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102(9): 1244-1247. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310812Mercieca K, Drury B, Bhargava A, Fenerty C. Trabeculectomy bleb needling and antimetabolite administration practices in the UK: a glaucoma specialist national survey. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102(9): 1244-1247. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310812Liu L, Siriwardena D, Khaw PT. Australia and New Zealand survey of antimetabolite and steroid use in trabeculectomy surgery. J Glaucoma 2008; 17(6):423-430. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0b013e31816224d8Liu L, Siriwardena D, Khaw PT. Australia and New Zealand survey of antimetabolite and steroid use in trabeculectomy surgery. J Glaucoma 2008; 17(6):423-430. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0b013e31816224d8Khan SA, Whittaker K, Razzaq MA, Arain UR. National survey of intraoperative mitomycin C use during trabeculectomy surgery in the UK. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41(4):1309-1316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01688-8Khan SA, Whittaker K, Razzaq MA, Arain UR. National survey of intraoperative mitomycin C use during trabeculectomy surgery in the UK. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41(4):1309-1316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01688-8Lee GA, Liu L, Casson RJ, Danesh-Meyer HV, et al. ANZGS Trabeculectomy Consensus Group. Current practice of trabeculectomy in a cohort of experienced glaucoma surgeons in Australia and New Zealand. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37(6):1139-1144. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-022-02034-1Lee GA, Liu L, Casson RJ, Danesh-Meyer HV, et al. ANZGS Trabeculectomy Consensus Group. Current practice of trabeculectomy in a cohort of experienced glaucoma surgeons in Australia and New Zealand. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37(6):1139-1144. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-022-02034-1Wilkins M, Indar A, Wormald R. Intra-operative mitomycin C for glaucoma surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 2005(4):CD002897. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002897.pub2Wilkins M, Indar A, Wormald R. Intra-operative mitomycin C for glaucoma surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 2005(4):CD002897. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002897.pub2Beckers HJ, Kinders KC, Webers CA. Five-year results of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003; 241(2):106-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-002-0621-5Beckers HJ, Kinders KC, Webers CA. Five-year results of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003; 241(2):106-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-002-0621-5Jagannathan J, George R, Shantha B, Vijaya L. Outcome of repeat trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in isolation or combined with phacoemulsification. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69(1):94-98. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_144_20Jagannathan J, George R, Shantha B, Vijaya L. Outcome of repeat trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in isolation or combined with phacoemulsification. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69(1):94-98. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_144_20Green E, Wilkins M, Bunce C, Wormald R. 5-Fluorouracil for glaucoma surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014(2):CD001132. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001132.pub2Green E, Wilkins M, Bunce C, Wormald R. 5-Fluorouracil for glaucoma surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014(2):CD001132. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001132.pub2Lindemann F, Plange N, Kuerten D, Schimitzek H, et al. Three-Year Follow-Up of Trabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil. Ophthalmic Res 2017; 58(2):74-80. https://doi.org/10.1159/000464446Lindemann F, Plange N, Kuerten D, Schimitzek H, et al. Three-Year Follow-Up of Trabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil. Ophthalmic Res 2017; 58(2):74-80. https://doi.org/10.1159/000464446Koutsonas A, Remky A, Plange N. Langzeitergebnisse nach Trabekulektomie mit 5-Fluorouracil [Long-term results after trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil]. Ophthalmologe 2014; 111(8):749-756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-013-2970-3Koutsonas A, Remky A, Plange N. Langzeitergebnisse nach Trabekulektomie mit 5-Fluorouracil [Long-term results after trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil]. Ophthalmologe 2014; 111(8):749-756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-013-2970-3Pimentel E, Schmidt J. Is mytomicyn better than 5-fluorouracil as antimetabolite in trabeculectomy for glaucoma? Medwave 2018; 18(1):e7137. https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2018.01.7138Pimentel E, Schmidt J. Is mytomicyn better than 5-fluorouracil as antimetabolite in trabeculectomy for glaucoma? Medwave 2018; 18(1):e7137. https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2018.01.7138Kavitha S, Tejaswini SU, Venkatesh R, Zebardast N. Wound modulation in glaucoma surgery: The role of anti-scarring agents. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72(3):320-327. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_2013_23Kavitha S, Tejaswini SU, Venkatesh R, Zebardast N. Wound modulation in glaucoma surgery: The role of anti-scarring agents. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72(3):320-327. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_2013_23Lin ZJ, Li Y, Cheng JW, Lu XH. Intraoperative mitomycin C versus intraoperative 5-fluorouracil for trabeculectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 28(2):166-173. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2011.0117Lin ZJ, Li Y, Cheng JW, Lu XH. Intraoperative mitomycin C versus intraoperative 5-fluorouracil for trabeculectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 28(2):166-173. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2011.0117Shao CG, Sinha NR, Mohan RR, Webel AD. Novel Therapies for the Prevention of Fibrosis in Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(3):657. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030657Shao CG, Sinha NR, Mohan RR, Webel AD. Novel Therapies for the Prevention of Fibrosis in Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(3):657. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030657Masoumpour MB, Nowroozzadeh MH, Razeghinejad MR. Current and Future Techniques in Wound Healing Modulation after Glaucoma Filtering Surgeries. Open Ophthalmol J 2016; 10:68-85. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874364101610010068Masoumpour MB, Nowroozzadeh MH, Razeghinejad MR. Current and Future Techniques in Wound Healing Modulation after Glaucoma Filtering Surgeries. Open Ophthalmol J 2016; 10:68-85. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874364101610010068Li Z, Van Bergen T, Van de Veire S, Van de Vel I, et al. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor reduces scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50(11):5217-5225. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-2662Li Z, Van Bergen T, Van de Veire S, Van de Vel I, et al. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor reduces scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50(11):5217-5225. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-2662Ochiai Y, Ochiai H. Higher concentration of transforming growth factor-beta in aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes and diabetic eyes. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2002; 46(3):249-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5155(01)00523-8Ochiai Y, Ochiai H. Higher concentration of transforming growth factor-beta in aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes and diabetic eyes. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2002; 46(3):249-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5155(01)00523-8Lockwood A, Brocchini S, Khaw PT. New developments in the pharmacological modulation of wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13(1):65-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2012.10.008Lockwood A, Brocchini S, Khaw PT. New developments in the pharmacological modulation of wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13(1):65-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2012.10.008Kopsinis G, Tsoukanas D, Kopsini D, Filippopoulos T. Intracameral Bevacizumab Versus Sub-Tenon's Mitomycin C as Adjuncts to Trabeculectomy: 3-Year Results of a Prospective Randomized Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10(10):2054. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102054Kopsinis G, Tsoukanas D, Kopsini D, Filippopoulos T. Intracameral Bevacizumab Versus Sub-Tenon's Mitomycin C as Adjuncts to Trabeculectomy: 3-Year Results of a Prospective Randomized Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10(10):2054. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102054Kaushik J, Parihar JK, Jain VK, Gupta S, et al. Efficacy of Bevacizumab Compared to Mitomycin C Modulated Trabeculectomy in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A One-Year Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42(2):217-224. https://doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2016.1164188Kaushik J, Parihar JK, Jain VK, Gupta S, et al. Efficacy of Bevacizumab Compared to Mitomycin C Modulated Trabeculectomy in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A One-Year Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42(2):217-224. https://doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2016.1164188Anna L. Mead, Tina T. L. Wong, M. Francesca Cordeiro, Ian K. Anderson, Peng T. Khaw; Evaluation of Anti-TGF-β2 Antibody as a New Postoperative Anti-scarring Agent in Glaucoma Surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44(8):3394-3401. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.02-0978.Anna L. Mead, Tina T. L. Wong, M. Francesca Cordeiro, Ian K. Anderson, Peng T. Khaw; Evaluation of Anti-TGF-β2 Antibody as a New Postoperative Anti-scarring Agent in Glaucoma Surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44(8):3394-3401. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.02-0978.Khaw P, Grehn F, Holló G, Overton B, et al. A phase III study of subconjunctival human anti-transforming growth factor beta(2) monoclonal antibody (CAT-152) to prevent scarring after first-time trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 2007; 114(10):1822-1830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.03.050Khaw P, Grehn F, Holló G, Overton B, et al. A phase III study of subconjunctival human anti-transforming growth factor beta(2) monoclonal antibody (CAT-152) to prevent scarring after first-time trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 2007; 114(10):1822-1830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.03.050Slabaugh M, Salim S. Use of Anti-VEGF Agents in Glaucoma Surgery. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:1645269. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1645269Slabaugh M, Salim S. Use of Anti-VEGF Agents in Glaucoma Surgery. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:1645269. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1645269Barequet D, Rosenfeld E, Rabina G, Shemesh G, et al. Intracameral tissue plasminogen activator in trabeculectomy: a 1-year prospective, randomized, controlled study. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40(7):1641-1646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01331-6Barequet D, Rosenfeld E, Rabina G, Shemesh G, et al. Intracameral tissue plasminogen activator in trabeculectomy: a 1-year prospective, randomized, controlled study. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40(7):1641-1646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01331-6Van de Velde S., Van Bergen T., Vandewalle E., Kindt N., et al. Rho kinase inhibitor AMA0526 improves surgical outcome in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery. Prog Brain Res 2015; 220:283-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.04.014.Van de Velde S., Van Bergen T., Vandewalle E., Kindt N., et al. Rho kinase inhibitor AMA0526 improves surgical outcome in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery. Prog Brain Res 2015; 220:283-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.04.014.Suh W, Han KE, Han JR. Safety of Using Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor in Experimental Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32(4):666-671. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.4.666Suh W, Han KE, Han JR. Safety of Using Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor in Experimental Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32(4):666-671. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.4.666Min J, Lukowski ZL, Levine MA, Meyers CA, et al. Prevention of ocular scarring post glaucoma filtration surgery using the inflammatory cell and platelet binding modulator saratin in a rabbit model. PLoS One 2012; 7(4):e35627. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035627Min J, Lukowski ZL, Levine MA, Meyers CA, et al. Prevention of ocular scarring post glaucoma filtration surgery using the inflammatory cell and platelet binding modulator saratin in a rabbit model. PLoS One 2012; 7(4):e35627. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035627Van Bergen T, Jonckx B, Hollanders K, et al. Inhibition of placental growth factor improves surgical outcome of glaucoma surgery. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17(12):1632-1643. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.12151Van Bergen T, Jonckx B, Hollanders K, et al. Inhibition of placental growth factor improves surgical outcome of glaucoma surgery. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17(12):1632-1643. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.12151Murdoch I, Puertas R, Hamedani M, Khaw PT. Long-Term Safety and Outcomes of β-radiation for Trabeculectomy. J Glaucoma 2023; 32(3):171-177. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000002144Murdoch I, Puertas R, Hamedani M, Khaw PT. Long-Term Safety and Outcomes of β-radiation for Trabeculectomy. J Glaucoma 2023; 32(3):171-177. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000002144Saeed AM. Comparative study between trabeculectomy with photodynamic therapy (BCECF-AM) and trabeculectomy with antimetabolite (MMC) in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:1651-1664. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S29909Saeed AM. Comparative study between trabeculectomy with photodynamic therapy (BCECF-AM) and trabeculectomy with antimetabolite (MMC) in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:1651-1664. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S29909Fernando O, Tagalakis AD, Awwad S, et al. Development of Targeted siRNA Nanocomplexes to Prevent Fibrosis in Experimental Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. Mol Ther 2018; 26(12):2812-2822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.09.004Fernando O, Tagalakis AD, Awwad S, et al. Development of Targeted siRNA Nanocomplexes to Prevent Fibrosis in Experimental Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. Mol Ther 2018; 26(12):2812-2822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.09.004Heatley G, Kiland J, Faha B, et al. Gene therapy using p21WAF-1/ Cip-1 to modulate wound healing after glaucoma trabeculectomy surgery in a primate model of ocular hypertension. Gene Ther 2004; 11(12):949-955. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302253Heatley G, Kiland J, Faha B, et al. Gene therapy using p21WAF-1/ Cip-1 to modulate wound healing after glaucoma trabeculectomy surgery in a primate model of ocular hypertension. Gene Ther 2004; 11(12):949-955. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302253Ahmadzadeh A, Kessel L, Schmidt BS, Kolko M, et al. Steroids and/ or Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Postoperative Treatment after Trabeculectomy-12-Month Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13(3):887. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030887Ahmadzadeh A, Kessel L, Schmidt BS, Kolko M, et al. Steroids and/ or Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Postoperative Treatment after Trabeculectomy-12-Month Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13(3):887. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030887Jermak CM, Dellacroce JT, Heffez J, Peyman GA. Triamcinolone acetonide in ocular therapeutics. Surv Ophthalmol 2007; 52(5):503-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.06.004Jermak CM, Dellacroce JT, Heffez J, Peyman GA. Triamcinolone acetonide in ocular therapeutics. Surv Ophthalmol 2007; 52(5):503-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.06.004Gaballa SA, Kompella UB, Elgarhy O, et al. Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11(3):866-893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-020-00843-zGaballa SA, Kompella UB, Elgarhy O, et al. Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11(3):866-893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-020-00843-zAlmatlouh A, Bach-Holm D, Kessel L. Steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the postoperative regime after trabeculectomy — which provides the better outcome? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97(2):146-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13919Almatlouh A, Bach-Holm D, Kessel L. Steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the postoperative regime after trabeculectomy — which provides the better outcome? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97(2):146-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13919Nguyen KD, Lee DA. Effect of steroids and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents on human ocular fibroblast. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992; 33(9):2693-2701.Nguyen KD, Lee DA. Effect of steroids and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents on human ocular fibroblast. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992; 33(9):2693-2701.Lama PJ, Fechtner RD. Antifibrotics and wound healing in glaucoma surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 2003; 48(3):314-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00038-9Lama PJ, Fechtner RD. Antifibrotics and wound healing in glaucoma surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 2003; 48(3):314-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00038-9Starita RJ, Fellman RL, Spaeth GL, Poryzees EM, et al. Short- and long-term effects of postoperative corticosteroids on trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 1985; 92(7):938-946. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(85)33931-3.Starita RJ, Fellman RL, Spaeth GL, Poryzees EM, et al. Short- and long-term effects of postoperative corticosteroids on trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 1985; 92(7):938-946. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(85)33931-3.Roth SM, Spaeth GL, Starita RJ, Birbillis EM, et al. The effects of postoperative corticosteroids on trabeculectomy and the clinical course of glaucoma: five-year follow-up study. Ophthalmic Surg 1991; 22(12): 724-729.Roth SM, Spaeth GL, Starita RJ, Birbillis EM, et al. The effects of postoperative corticosteroids on trabeculectomy and the clinical course of glaucoma: five-year follow-up study. Ophthalmic Surg 1991; 22(12): 724-729.Azuara-Blanco A, Spaeth GL, Augsburger JJ. Oral prednisone in guarded filtration procedures supplemented with antimetabolites. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999; 30(2):126-132.Azuara-Blanco A, Spaeth GL, Augsburger JJ. Oral prednisone in guarded filtration procedures supplemented with antimetabolites. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999; 30(2):126-132.Araujo SV, Spaeth GL, Roth SM, Starita RJ. A ten-year follow-up on a prospective, randomized trial of postoperative corticosteroids after trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 1995; 102(12):1753-1759. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(95)30797-x.Araujo SV, Spaeth GL, Roth SM, Starita RJ. A ten-year follow-up on a prospective, randomized trial of postoperative corticosteroids after trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 1995; 102(12):1753-1759. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(95)30797-x.SooHoo JR, Seibold LK, Laing AE, Kahook MY. Bleb morphology and histology in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery using Ozurdex® or mitomycin-C. Mol Vis 2012; 18:714-719.SooHoo JR, Seibold LK, Laing AE, Kahook MY. Bleb morphology and histology in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery using Ozurdex® or mitomycin-C. Mol Vis 2012; 18:714-719.McGhee CN, Watson DG, Midgley JM, Noble MJ, et al. Penetration of synthetic corticosteroids into human aqueous humour. Eye (Lond) 1990; 4(Pt 3):526-530. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1990.70McGhee CN, Watson DG, Midgley JM, Noble MJ, et al. Penetration of synthetic corticosteroids into human aqueous humour. Eye (Lond) 1990; 4(Pt 3):526-530. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1990.70Weijtens O, Schoemaker RC, Romijn FP, Cohen AF, et al. Intraocular penetration and systemic absorption after topical application of dexamethasone disodium phosphate. Ophthalmology 2002; 109(10):1887-1891. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(02)01176-4Weijtens O, Schoemaker RC, Romijn FP, Cohen AF, et al. Intraocular penetration and systemic absorption after topical application of dexamethasone disodium phosphate. Ophthalmology 2002; 109(10):1887-1891. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(02)01176-4Cagini C, Cometa F, Torroni G, Pellegrino A, et al. Dexamethasone Disodium Phosphate Penetration Into the Human Aqueous Humor After Topical Application. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41(7):897-899. https://doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2015.1083589Cagini C, Cometa F, Torroni G, Pellegrino A, et al. Dexamethasone Disodium Phosphate Penetration Into the Human Aqueous Humor After Topical Application. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41(7):897-899. https://doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2015.1083589Naageshwaran V, Ranta VP, Toropainen E, et al. Topical pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone suspensions in the rabbit eye: Bioavailability comparison. Int J Pharm 2022; 615:121515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121515Naageshwaran V, Ranta VP, Toropainen E, et al. Topical pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone suspensions in the rabbit eye: Bioavailability comparison. Int J Pharm 2022; 615:121515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121515Vooturi S, Bourne D, Panda JJ, et al. Effect of Particle Size and Viscosity of Suspensions on Topical Ocular Bioavailability of Budesonide, a Corticosteroid. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36(6):404-409. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2019.0150Vooturi S, Bourne D, Panda JJ, et al. Effect of Particle Size and Viscosity of Suspensions on Topical Ocular Bioavailability of Budesonide, a Corticosteroid. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36(6):404-409. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2019.0150Jones R 3rd, Rhee DJ. Corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension and glaucoma: a brief review and update of the literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006; 17(2):163-167. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.icu.0000193079.55240.18.Jones R 3rd, Rhee DJ. Corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension and glaucoma: a brief review and update of the literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006; 17(2):163-167. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.icu.0000193079.55240.18.Chan W, Wiggs JL, Sobrin L. The Genetic Influence on Corticosteroid-Induced Ocular Hypertension: A Field Positioned for Discovery. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 202:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.001Chan W, Wiggs JL, Sobrin L. The Genetic Influence on Corticosteroid-Induced Ocular Hypertension: A Field Positioned for Discovery. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 202:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.001Razeghinejad MR, Katz LJ. Steroid-induced iatrogenic glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res 2012; 47(2):66-80. https://doi.org/10.1159/000328630Razeghinejad MR, Katz LJ. Steroid-induced iatrogenic glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res 2012; 47(2):66-80. https://doi.org/10.1159/000328630Roberti G, Oddone F, Agnifili L, et al. Steroid-induced glaucoma: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 65(4):458-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.01.002Roberti G, Oddone F, Agnifili L, et al. Steroid-induced glaucoma: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 65(4):458-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.01.002Stewart RH, Smith JP, Rosenthal AL. Ocular pressure response to fluorometholone acetate and dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Curr Eye Res 1984; 3(6):835-839. https://doi.org/10.3109/02713688409000796.Stewart RH, Smith JP, Rosenthal AL. Ocular pressure response to fluorometholone acetate and dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Curr Eye Res 1984; 3(6):835-839. https://doi.org/10.3109/02713688409000796.Leibowitz HM, Bartlett JD, Rich R, McQuirter H, Stewart R, Assil K. Intraocular pressure-raising potential of 1.0% rimexolone in patients responding to corticosteroids. Arch Ophthalmol 1996; 114(8):933-937. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140141005.Leibowitz HM, Bartlett JD, Rich R, McQuirter H, Stewart R, Assil K. Intraocular pressure-raising potential of 1.0% rimexolone in patients responding to corticosteroids. Arch Ophthalmol 1996; 114(8):933-937. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140141005.Shokoohi-Rad S, Daneshvar R, Jafarian-Shahri M, Rajaee P. Comparison between Betamethasone, Fluorometholone and Loteprednol Etabonate on intraocular pressure in patients after keratorefractive surgery. J Curr Ophthalmol 2017; 30(2):130-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2017.11.008.Shokoohi-Rad S, Daneshvar R, Jafarian-Shahri M, Rajaee P. Comparison between Betamethasone, Fluorometholone and Loteprednol Etabonate on intraocular pressure in patients after keratorefractive surgery. J Curr Ophthalmol 2017; 30(2):130-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2017.11.008.Akingbehin AO. Comparative study of the intraocular pressure effects of fluorometholone 0.1% versus dexamethasone 0.1%. Br J Ophthalmol 1983; 67(10):661-663. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.67.10.661.Akingbehin AO. Comparative study of the intraocular pressure effects of fluorometholone 0.1% versus dexamethasone 0.1%. Br J Ophthalmol 1983; 67(10):661-663. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.67.10.661.Kim J, Choi DC, Bae S, Choi DG, Lee JY. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Topical Diclofenac, Fluorometholone, and Dexamethasone for Control of Inflammation After Strabismus Surgery. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34(7):550-554. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0003Kim J, Choi DC, Bae S, Choi DG, Lee JY. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Topical Diclofenac, Fluorometholone, and Dexamethasone for Control of Inflammation After Strabismus Surgery. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34(7):550-554. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0003Yoo YJ, Yang HK, Hwang JM. Efficacy and Safety of Loteprednol 0.5% and Fluorometholone 0.1% After Strabismus Surgery in Children. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34(6):468-476. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2017.0145Yoo YJ, Yang HK, Hwang JM. Efficacy and Safety of Loteprednol 0.5% and Fluorometholone 0.1% After Strabismus Surgery in Children. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34(6):468-476. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2017.0145Stewart RH, Kimbrough RL. Intraocular pressure response to topically administered fluorometholone. Arch Ophthalmol 1979; 97(11):2139-2140. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1979.01020020457010Stewart RH, Kimbrough RL. Intraocular pressure response to topically administered fluorometholone. Arch Ophthalmol 1979; 97(11):2139-2140. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1979.01020020457010Kass M, Cheetham J, Duzman E, Burke PJ. The ocular hypertensive effect of 0.25% fluorometholone in corticosteroid responders. Am J Ophthalmol 1986; 102(2):159-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(86)90137-6Kass M, Cheetham J, Duzman E, Burke PJ. The ocular hypertensive effect of 0.25% fluorometholone in corticosteroid responders. Am J Ophthalmol 1986; 102(2):159-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(86)90137-6Gupta N, Price FW Jr, Price MO. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Fluorometholone 0.1% Use After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty. Cornea Published online March 5, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003846Gupta N, Price FW Jr, Price MO. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Fluorometholone 0.1% Use After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty. Cornea Published online March 5, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003846Price MO, Price FW Jr, Kruse FE, Bachmann BO, Tourtas T. Randomized comparison of topical prednisolone acetate 1% versus fluorometholone 0.1% in the first year after descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Cornea 2014; 33(9):880-886. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000000206Price MO, Price FW Jr, Kruse FE, Bachmann BO, Tourtas T. Randomized comparison of topical prednisolone acetate 1% versus fluorometholone 0.1% in the first year after descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Cornea 2014; 33(9):880-886. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000000206Al Hanaineh AT, Hassanein DH, Abdelbaky SH, El Zawahry OM. Steroid-induced ocular hypertension in the pediatric age group. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 28(4):372-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672118757434Al Hanaineh AT, Hassanein DH, Abdelbaky SH, El Zawahry OM. Steroid-induced ocular hypertension in the pediatric age group. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 28(4):372-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672118757434Clark AF, Wordinger RJ. The role of steroids in outflow resistance. Exp Eye Res 2009; 88(4):752-759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.004Clark AF, Wordinger RJ. The role of steroids in outflow resistance. Exp Eye Res 2009; 88(4):752-759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.004Thomas R, Jay JL. Raised intraocular pressure with topical steroids after trabeculectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1988; 226(4):337-340. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02172963Thomas R, Jay JL. Raised intraocular pressure with topical steroids after trabeculectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1988; 226(4):337-340. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02172963Ahmadzadeh A, Kessel L, Schmidt BS, Bach-Holm D. Steroid Response after Trabeculectomy-A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Dexamethasone to Diclofenac Eye Drops. J Clin Med 2022; 11(24):7365. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247365Ahmadzadeh A, Kessel L, Schmidt BS, Bach-Holm D. Steroid Response after Trabeculectomy-A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Dexamethasone to Diclofenac Eye Drops. J Clin Med 2022; 11(24):7365. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247365Seibold LK, Sherwood MB, Kahook MY. Wound modulation after filtration surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 2012; 57(6):530-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.01.008Seibold LK, Sherwood MB, Kahook MY. Wound modulation after filtration surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 2012; 57(6):530-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.01.008Levkovitch-Verbin H, Katz G, Kalev-Landoi M, Goldenfeld M. Postoperative treatment with topical diclofenac versus topical dexamethasone after combined phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C. J Glaucoma 2013; 22(3):177-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0b013e318237bf9eLevkovitch-Verbin H, Katz G, Kalev-Landoi M, Goldenfeld M. Postoperative treatment with topical diclofenac versus topical dexamethasone after combined phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C. J Glaucoma 2013; 22(3):177-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0b013e318237bf9eKessel L, Tendal B, Jørgensen KJ, et al. Post-cataract prevention of inflammation and macular edema by steroid and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory eye drops: a systematic review. Ophthalmology 2014; 121(10):1915-1924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.035Kessel L, Tendal B, Jørgensen KJ, et al. Post-cataract prevention of inflammation and macular edema by steroid and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory eye drops: a systematic review. Ophthalmology 2014; 121(10):1915-1924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.035Wielders LHP, Schouten JSAG, Nuijts RMMA. Prevention of macular edema after cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2018; 29(1):48-53. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0000000000000436Wielders LHP, Schouten JSAG, Nuijts RMMA. Prevention of macular edema after cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2018; 29(1):48-53. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0000000000000436Coassin M, Iovieno A, Soldani A, et al. Bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.09% as an adjunctive therapy to topical steroids after cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg 2016; 42(8):1119-1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.04.031Coassin M, Iovieno A, Soldani A, et al. Bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.09% as an adjunctive therapy to topical steroids after cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg 2016; 42(8):1119-1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.04.031Li SS, Wang HH, Wang YL, Zhang DW, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroid drugs for prevention of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43(1):271-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02426-yLi SS, Wang HH, Wang YL, Zhang DW, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroid drugs for prevention of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43(1):271-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02426-yYlinen P, Holmström E, Laine I, Lindholm JM, et al. Anti-inflammatory medication following cataract surgery: a randomized trial between preservative-free dexamethasone, diclofenac and their combination. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96(5):486-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13670Ylinen P, Holmström E, Laine I, Lindholm JM, et al. Anti-inflammatory medication following cataract surgery: a randomized trial between preservative-free dexamethasone, diclofenac and their combination. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96(5):486-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13670Haddad JE, Sabbakh NA, Macaron MM, et al. NSAIDs and Corticosteroids for the Postoperative Management of Age-Related Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 260:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2023.09.027Haddad JE, Sabbakh NA, Macaron MM, et al. NSAIDs and Corticosteroids for the Postoperative Management of Age-Related Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 260:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2023.09.027Kent AR, Dubiner HB, Whitaker R, Mundorf TK, et al. The efficacy and safety of diclofenac 0.1% versus prednisolone acetate 1% following trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin-C. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998; 29(7):562-569.Kent AR, Dubiner HB, Whitaker R, Mundorf TK, et al. The efficacy and safety of diclofenac 0.1% versus prednisolone acetate 1% following trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin-C. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998; 29(7):562-569.Gwin TD, Stewart WC, Gwynn DR. Filtration surgery in rabbits treated with diclofenac or prednisolone acetate. Ophthalmic Surg 1994; 25(4):245-250.Gwin TD, Stewart WC, Gwynn DR. Filtration surgery in rabbits treated with diclofenac or prednisolone acetate. Ophthalmic Surg 1994; 25(4):245-250.Williams DL. A comparative approach to topical cyclosporine therapy. Eye (Lond) 1997; 11(Pt 4):453-464. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1997.126Williams DL. A comparative approach to topical cyclosporine therapy. Eye (Lond) 1997; 11(Pt 4):453-464. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1997.126Жигальская Т.А., Дзюман А.Н., Крылова А.А., Кривошеина О.И. Закономерности регенерации конъюнктивы и склеры после интраоперационной аппликации раствора циклоспорина А у кроликов со стероидной моделью глаукомы. Бюллетень сибирской медицины 2021; 20(2):36-43. https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2021-2-36-43Zhigalskiaya T.A., Dzyman A.N., Krylova A.A., Krivosheina O.I., et al. Patterns of conjunctival and scleral regeneration after intraoperative application of cyclosporin A solution in rabbits with steroid-induced glaucoma. Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 2021; 20(2):36-43. https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2021-2-36-43Dai ZX, Song XL, Yu XB, Sun JG, et al. Cyclosporine A-loaded drug delivery systems inhibit scar formation after glaucoma surgery in rabbits. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132(11):1381-1384. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000234Dai ZX, Song XL, Yu XB, Sun JG, et al. Cyclosporine A-loaded drug delivery systems inhibit scar formation after glaucoma surgery in rabbits. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132(11):1381-1384. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000234Lattanzio FA Jr, Crouch ER Jr, Mitrev PV, Williams PB, et al. Cyclosporin as an adjunct to glaucoma filtration surgery. J Glaucoma. 2005; 14(6):441-447. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ijg.0000185432.63408.1eLattanzio FA Jr, Crouch ER Jr, Mitrev PV, Williams PB, et al. Cyclosporin as an adjunct to glaucoma filtration surgery. J Glaucoma. 2005; 14(6):441-447. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ijg.0000185432.63408.1eTuraçli ME, Gündüz K, Aktan G, Sencer H. Topical cyclosporine as a possible new antimetabolite in trabeculectomy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996; 27(6):438-444Turaçli ME, Gündüz K, Aktan G, Sencer H. Topical cyclosporine as a possible new antimetabolite in trabeculectomy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996; 27(6):438-444Fakhraie G, Lopes JF, Spaeth GL, Almodin J, et al. Effects of postoperative cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Restasis) following glaucoma surgery. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 37(9):842-848. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02134.xFakhraie G, Lopes JF, Spaeth GL, Almodin J, et al. Effects of postoperative cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Restasis) following glaucoma surgery. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 37(9):842-848. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02134.xМ

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.