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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glaucoma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальный журнал Глаукома</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Journal glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-4104</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-6862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53432/2078-4104-2026-25-2-71-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glaucoma-630</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль маркеров нейровоспаления в ранней диагностике глаукомы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of neuroinflammation markers in the early diagnosis of glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-5912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корелина</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korelina</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корелина Виктория Евгеньевна, к.м.н., врач-офтальмолог, доцент отдела образовательных программ ИМЧ РАН, доцент кафедры семейной медицины СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 9</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med), Associate Professor at the Department of Educational Programs, Associate Professor at the Academic Department of Family Medicine</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p><p>41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg, 191015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktoriakorelinanana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-0566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куроедов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuroyedov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой офтальмологии, начальник офтальмологического центра (с дневным стационаром)</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>107014, Москва, ул. Б. Оленья, 8А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Head of the Ophthalmology Сenter</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117997</p><p>8A Bolshaya Olenya St., Moscow, 107014</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8957-8970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чередниченко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherednichenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., первый заместитель директора </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), First Deputy Director</p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9636-3012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, врач-офтальмолог </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student1, ophthalmologist </p><p>Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2990-0668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божок</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhok</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог </p><p>195299, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Киришская, 5, к. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ophthalmologist</p><p>5 bld. 3 Kirishskaya Stl, Saint Petersburg, 195299 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт Мозга Человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой РАН (ИМЧ РАН) ; ФГБОУ ВО «СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute ; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра офтальмологии им. акад. А.П. Нестерова Института Клинической медицины ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России ; ФКУ «ЦВКГ им. П.В. Мандрыка» Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academic Department of Ophthalmology named after Academician A.P. Nesterov at the Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University ; Mandryka Central Military Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт Мозга Человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой РАН (ИМЧ РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПБ ГБУЗ «Городская поликлиника №86»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Polyclinic No. 86</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корелина В.Е., Куроедов А.В., Чередниченко Д.В., Султанова А.А., Божок С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корелина В.Е., Куроедов А.В., Чередниченко Д.В., Султанова А.А., Божок С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korelina V.E., Kuroyedov A.V., Cherednichenko D.V., Sultanova A.A., Bozhok S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/630">https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/630</self-uri><abstract><p>Первичная открытоугольная глаукома (ПОУГ) относится к поздно выявляемым заболеваниям, так как имеет длительный латентный период, предшествующий клиническим проявлениям. Существующие способы диагностики выявляют глаукомные изменения, когда погибает более 40% нервных волокон зрительного нерва. В обзоре рассматриваются способы ранней диагностики глаукомы на доклинической стадии. Подчеркивается актуальность поиска биомаркеров нейровоспаления, приводящего к апоптозу ганглиозных клеток сетчатки. Анализируются данные об уровне активности таких маркеров аутоиммунного воспаления, как: нейронспецифическая энолаза, белки семейства S100, основной миелиновый белок, цитокины и нейротрофины, а также возможность их использования в ранней диагностике глаукомы. Описываемые в обзоре глиальные реакции и маркеры требуют дальнейших углубленных исследований и систематизации полученных знаний. Изучение нейрохимических процессов доклинической стадии глаукомы позволит выявить специфические биомаркеры начала заболевания и откроет перспективы быстрого и удобного скрининга ПОУГ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is considered a latediagnosed disease due to its prolonged latent period preceding clinical manifestations. Existing diagnostic methods typically detect glaucomatous changes only after the loss of more than 40% of optic nerve fibers. This review discusses approaches to the early diagnosis of glaucoma at the preclinical stage. Particular emphasis is placed on the relevance of identifying biomarkers of neuroinflammation that lead to apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. The article analyzes data on the activity of autoimmune inflammation markers, including neuron-specific enolase, S100 protein family, myelin basic protein, cytokines, and neurotrophins, as well as their potential application in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. The glial responses and biomarkers described in the review require further in-depth investigation and systematization of current knowledge. Studying the neurochemical processes that occur at the preclinical stage of glaucoma may enable the identification of specific biomarkers of disease onset and open prospects for rapid and convenient POAG screening.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глаукома</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>нейронспецифическая энолаза</kwd><kwd>основной миелиновый белок</kwd><kwd>аутоиммуннитет при глаукоме</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glaucoma</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>neuron-specific enolase</kwd><kwd>myelin basic protein</kwd><kwd>autoimmunity in glaucoma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Первичная открытоугольная глаукома. Национальное руководство. Под ред. Е.А. Егорова, А.В. Куроедова. 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