glaucomaНациональный журнал ГлаукомаNational Journal glaucoma2078-41042311-6862Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”glaucoma-75Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEW OF LITERATUREСовременные методы функциональной диагностики и мониторинга глаукомы. Часть 2. Диагностика структурных повреждений сетчатки и зрительного нерваModern methods of functional diagnostics and monitoring of glaucoma. Part 2. Diagnosis of structural damage of the retina and optic nerveЕричевВ. П.ErichevV. P.noemail@neicon.ruПетровС. Ю.PetrovS. Yu.post@glaucomajournal.ruМакароваА. С.KozlovaI. V.noemail@neicon.ruКозловаИ. В.MakarovaA. S.noemail@neicon.ruРещиковаВ. С.ReshchikovaV. S.noemail@neicon.ruФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней»РоссияThe Scientific Research Institute of Eye DiseasesRussian Federation2015170120171437279Copyright © Еричев В.П., Петров С.Ю., Макарова А.С., Козлова И.В., Рещикова В.С., 20172017Еричев В.П., Петров С.Ю., Макарова А.С., Козлова И.В., Рещикова В.С.Erichev V.P., Petrov S.Y., Kozlova I.V., Makarova A.S., Reshchikova V.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/75

Глаукома - хроническая оптическая нейропатия, характеризующаяся потерей ганглиозных клеток с развитием специфических изменений диска зрительного нерва (ДЗН) и слоя нервных волокон сетчатки (СНВС). Раннее выявление заболевания играет важную роль в предотвращении развития структурных нарушений и необратимой потери зрения. Диагностика глаукомы основана на оценке сохранности структур зрительного нерва и зрительных функций. Результаты клинического осмотра ДЗН и СНВС носят субъективный характер и сильно варьируют. В связи с этим исследования последних лет были направлены на разработку дополнительных объективных методов диагностики глаукомы. Была изучена возможность применения конфокальной сканирующей лазерной офтальмоскопии, сканирующей лазерной периметрии и оптической когерентной томографии для оценки состояния ДЗН. С целью обеспечения раннего выявления дефектов полей зрения в настоящее время рассматриваются варианты замены стандартной автоматической периметрии (standard automated perimetry, SAP) на селективную, которая включает в себя коротковолновую автоматическую периметрию (short-wavelength automated perimetry, SWAP) и периметрию с иллюзией удвоения пространственной частоты (frequency-doubling technology perimetry, FDT). Статья представляет собой обзор современных методов диагностики глаукомы в контексте их применения в клинической практике.

Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy, characterized by ganglion cell loss and specific changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Early glaucoma detection plays an important role in preventing permanent structural damage development and irreversible vision loss. Glaucoma diagnostics is based on examination of structural damage to the optic nerve and visual functions evaluation. The results of ONH and RNFL clinical evaluation are subjective and can vary to a great extent. As a result, much recent research has been devoted to developing additional objective diagnostic methods, such as the use of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography for evaluating the OHN status. In order to provide early detection of visual field defects some researchers consider the possibility of replacing standard automated perimetry (SAP) with the selective automated perimetry, that includes the short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) and frequency-doubling technology perimetry (FDT). This article presents a review of modern methods available for glaucoma diagnostics with emphasis on their clinical use.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.