glaucomaНациональный журнал ГлаукомаNational Journal glaucoma2078-41042311-6862Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”glaucoma-77Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEW OF LITERATUREДиагностика глаукомы у пациентов с близорукостьюGlaucoma diagnostics in myopic patientsКазаковаА. В.KazakovaA. V.alenakazakova@sfe.ruЭскинаЭ. Н.EskinaE. N.noemail@neicon.ruКлиника лазерной медицины «Сфера», ФГУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова Росздрава»РоссияLaser surgery clinic «Sphere», Pirogov’s National Medical Surgical CenterRussian Federation20151701201714387100Copyright © Казакова А.В., Эскина Э.Н., 20172017Казакова А.В., Эскина Э.Н.Kazakova A.V., Eskina E.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/77

Ввиду анатомических особенностей, сопутствующих осевой миопии, диагностика первичной открытоугольной глаукомы (ПОУГ) в глазах с близорукостью затруднена. Данный обзор направлен на анализ имеющихся результатов различных методов диагностики глаукомы у пациентов с осевой близорукостью. Акцентировано внимание на особенностях функциональных и анатомических изменений, встречающихся отдельно при осевой миопии, глаукоме, а также при сочетании миопии и глаукомы. Проанализированы результаты проведения тонометрии, статической автоматической периметрии, коротковолновой периметрии, измерения оптической плотности макулярного пигмента, оптической когерентной томографии с расчетом показателей толщины комплекса ганглиозных клеток, слоя нервных волок, параметров диска зрительного нерва и толщины хориоидеи. Анализ литературных данных свидетельствует о том, что дифференциальная диагностика глаукомы у пациентов с осевой близорукостью сложна и требует проведения глубокого и расширенного обследования. Целесообразна разработка стандартов диагностики и мониторинга глаукомного процесса у пациентов с осевой миопией, поскольку многообразие данных и различных публикаций, а также несогласованных представлений о типичных признаках глаукомы у пациентов с миопией приводят к затруднению диагностики, позднему выявлению и снижению эффективности мониторинга глаукомного процесса у данной группы больных.

Due to anatomical specifics associated with axial myopia, primary open-angle glaucoma diagnostics in myopic eyes may present difficulties. This review aims to analyze the results of glaucoma diagnostic methods in patients with axial myopia. We emphasized the specifics of functional and anatomical changes occurring separately in axial myopia, glaucoma, as well as in their combination. The results of tonometry, automated static perimetry, short-wavelength perimetry, measuring macular pigment optical density, optical coherence tomography data - thickness of the ganglion cell complex, retinal nerve fiber layer, the parameters of the optic nerve head and choroidal thickness. Analysis of published data shows that differential diagnosis of glaucoma in patients with axial myopia should be complex and requires a deep and extended examination of this group of patients. Developing standards for diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma process in axial myopia would be advantageous, since the variety of data and various publications, as well as inconsistent representations of the typical signs of glaucoma in patients with myopia leads to difficulty of diagnosis, late diagnosis and reducing the effectiveness of monitoring of the glaucomatous process in this group of patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.