References

glaucoma

Национальный журнал Глаукома

National Journal glaucoma

2078-41042311-6862

Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”

glaucoma-97

Research Article

ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Динамика гибели ганглиозных клеток сетчатки при глаукоме и ее функциональные маркеры

Dynamics of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma and its functional markers

Зуева

М. В.

Zueva

M. V.

visionlab@yandex.ru

ФГБУ «Московский НИИ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава РФРоссияMoscow Helmholtz Research Institute of OphthalmologyRussian Federation

2016

17012017

1517085

2017

Зуева М.В.

Zueva M.V.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/97

В аналитическом обзоре представлены различные аспекты нарушения структуры и функции зрительной системы у человека и экспериментальных животных при физиологической инволюции и развитии глаукомы, которые систематизированы по зрительным структурам и типам изменений. Особое внимание уделено альтерациям самих ганглиозных клеток (ГК) сетчатки. Возрастные изменения ГК сетчатки и их центральных проекций сопоставлены с изменениями, происходящими при глаукоме. Анализируются данные литературы о последовательности событий, происходящих при гибели ГК, включая изменения во внутреннем плексиформном слое сетчатки (дендритная и синаптическая пластичность, нарушение сложности дендритного ветвления и дегенерация отростков), дисфункцию и дегенерацию аксонов ГК, изменение морфологии и апоптоз сомы ГК. Рассматривается вопрос о чувствительности аксонов и дендритов ГК для различных клеточных типов (принадлежащих парво- и магноцеллюлярной системам) и подклассов (on-, off- и on-off-клеток). Дан сравнительный анализ возможностей современных технологий периметрии, структурной визуализации сетчатки и электрофизиологических исследований в диагностике начальной глаукомы и их перспективы в свете обсуждаемой проблемы. Обосновывается необходимость стандартизировать комплекс параметров функциональных и морфологических исследований для идентификации различных этапов гибели ГК у глаукомных больных и у лиц с подозрением на ПОУГ, которые будут адекватно отражать изменения дендритных отростков, дисфункцию и дегенерацию аксонов и гибель сомы, способствуя своевременному и адекватному выбору таргетной терапии.

The review presents various aspects of structural and functional disorders of the visual system in humans and experimental animals associated with physiological involution and the development of glaucoma, which are organized by visual structures and types of change. Particular attention is given to alterations of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Age-related changes in the RGCs and their central projections are compared with changes occurring in glaucoma. Literature data on the sequence of events occurring in RGC death, including changes in the inner plexiform layer of the retina (the dendritic and synaptic plasticity, reduction of the complexity of dendritic branching and degeneration of the processes), dysfunction and degeneration, a change in the morphology and apoptosis of RGC soma are discussed in the review. The problem of the sensitivity of axons and dendrites of the RGC for a variety of cell types (belonging to parvocellular and magnocellular systems) and their subclasses (on-, off- and on-off-cells) is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the possibilities of modern technologies in perimetry, structural imaging of the retina and electrophysio-logical studies in the diagnostics of primary glaucoma and their prospects in the context is presented. The necessity to standardize a set of parameters of functional and morphological examinations to identify early stages of RGC death in glaucoma patients and patients with suspected POAG is substantiated. Such a set of parameters would allow an adequate assessment changes in dendritic processes, axon dysfunction and degeneration as well as soma death, facilitating a timely and adequate choice of targeted therapy.

ганглиозные клетки сетчаткистарениеглаукомапаттерн изменений и этапы гибели ганглиозных клетокфункциональные маркеры преапоптотических событийretinal ganglion cellsagingglaucomapattern and steps of ganglion cell deathfunctional markers of pre-apoptotic events

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.