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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">glaucoma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Национальный журнал Глаукома</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National Journal glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-4104</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-6862</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">glaucoma-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW OF LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение вискоэластиков в офтальмохирургии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Viscoelastics in ophthalmosurgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазурова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асламазова</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aslamazova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокина</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokina</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вострухин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vostruhin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">The Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГОУ ВПО 1-й МГМУ И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров С.Ю., Мазурова Ю.В., Асламазова А.Э., Фокина Н.Д., Вострухин С.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров С.Ю., Мазурова Ю.В., Асламазова А.Э., Фокина Н.Д., Вострухин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov S.Y., Mazurova Y.V., Aslamazova A.E., Fokina N.D., Vostruhin S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/99">https://www.glaucomajournal.ru/jour/article/view/99</self-uri><abstract><p>Вискоэластики вошли в клиническую практику офтальмохирургов с конца прошлого века. Это группа фармакологически неактивных, прозрачных жидкостей с высокой вязкостью и эластичностью, одновременно обладающих свойствами гелей и твердых тел. Свойства вискоэластиков зависят от молекулярной массы и концентрации, что определяет их поведение в процессе хирургического вмешательства и стало основой существующих классификаций. В первой классификации выделяли вискоэластики дисперсные (с меньшей вязкостью) и когезивные (с большей вязкостью). Условной границей между ними является молекулярная масса в 1 млн дальтон. Появление вискоадаптивных материалов (Healon5) и дисперсных вискоэластиков с высокой вязкостью (DisCoVisc) потребовало пересмотра классификации с включением когезивно-дисперсного индекса. В обзоре анализируются современные классификации вискоэластиков и рассматриваются свойства их различных видов. Преимущественное значение вискоэластики имеют в факохирургии, где применяются для решения следующих задач: защита заднего эндотелия роговицы от прямого контакта с фрагментами хрусталика и ирригационной жидкостью, углубление передней камеры с репозицией иридо-хрусталиковой диафрагмы и стекловидного тела, расширение зрачка, смещение края передней капсулы и профилактика его сворачивания, разрушение передних и задних синехий, вискодиссекция ядра хрусталика, облегчение вращения ядра в капсульной сумке, выведение ядра при инъекции вискоэластика под него, наполнение и расправление капсульной сумки и передней камеры. С 1980 г. вискоэластики стали применяться в глаукомной хирургии для поддержания желаемого объема передней камеры после трабекулэктомии, что позволило снизить частоту развития гипотонии, мелкой передней камеры и отслойки сосудистой оболочки. Помимо интраоперационного применения, вискоэластики заняли свое место в хирургическом лечении уже состоявшейся отслойки сосудистой оболочки. Большинство работ по этой теме касаются введения различных препаратов гиалуроната натрия. Из других способов применения вискоэластиков следует отметить расширение просвета шлеммова канала при выполнении вискоканалостомии, вискогониосинехиолизис при закрытии угла передней камеры, а также защиту эпителия роговицы при обработке хирургической зоны раствором цитостатика.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) entered clinical practice at the end of 20th century. OVDs are pharmacologically inactive, clear, highly viscous and elastic fluids that have both the properties of gels and solids. Their properties depend on molecular weight and concentration which are the determinants of OVD behavior in surgery. OVDs are classified based upon their behavior in surgery. The first classification distinguished dispersives (with lower viscosity) and cohesives (higher viscosity). 1 million Daltons have been used as a dividing line between a cohesive and dispersive agent. The subsequent development of viscoadaptives (Healon5) and higher viscosity dispersives (DisCoVisc) required the classification to be revised. This novel classification includes Cohesion-Dispersion Index (CDI). The paper reviews current OVD classification and the properties of different OVDs. OVDs are primarily used in cataract surgery to protect corneal endothelium from the direct contact with lens fragments and irrigation fluid, to maintain a deep anterior chamber and to keep iris lens diaphragm backward, to dilate the pupil, to prevent anterior capsule flap from curling, to dissect anterior and posterior synechias, to separate lens nucleus from the cortex and capsule (i.e., to perform viscodissection), to facilitate nuclear rotation in the capsular bag, to fill anterior chamber and capsular bag, and to flatten capsular bag. Beginning from 1980, OVDs are used in glaucoma surgery to maintain anterior chamber depth following trabeculectomy, thus lowering the incidence of hypotony, anterior chamber shallowing, and choroidal detachment. In addition, OVDs are used in choroidal detachment surgery. Most papers describe the injection of sodium hyaluronate. Finally, OVDs are used to dilate Schlemm's canal in the course of viscocanalostomy, to perform viscogoniosynechiolysis in anterior chamber angle closure, and to protect corneal endothelium when applying cytostatic agent at the surgical site.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вискоэластики</kwd><kwd>вязкость</kwd><kwd>факоэмульсификация</kwd><kwd>трабекулэктомия</kwd><kwd>гипотония</kwd><kwd>отслойка сосудистой оболочки</kwd><kwd>OVDs</kwd><kwd>viscosity</kwd><kwd>phacoemulsification</kwd><kwd>trabeculectomy</kwd><kwd>hypotony</kwd><kwd>choroidal detachment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balazs E.A. Physical chemistry of hyaluronic acid. Federation proceedings 1958; 17(4): 1086-1093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balazs E.A. Physical chemistry of hyaluronic acid. 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