Взаимосвязь метаболического синдрома и его коррекции с развитием и прогрессированием глаукомы

Глаукома по-прежнему остается основной причиной необратимой слепоты во всем мире. Основным доказанным фактором риска является повышенный уровень внутриглазного давления. Но остаются вопросы о влиянии различных соматических заболеваний и их коррекции на течение глаукомы. В обзоре представлена информация о метаболическом синдроме, рассмотрены некоторые его компоненты и их коррекция у пациентов с глаукомой. Метаболический синдром включает в себя артериальную гипертензию, сахарный диабет, дислипидемию и ожирение. Представленные экспериментальные и клинические исследования показывают, что компоненты метаболического синдрома коррелируют с глаукомой. Такие компоненты метаболического синдрома, как артериальная гипертензия и сахарный диабет, как факторы риска развития глаукомы не вызывают сомнений. Мнение исследователей в отношении ожирения и дислипидемии как факторов риска неоднозначны. Но в последнее время к ним возрос интерес, что связано с углубленным изучением микробиома, изменение которого играет определенную роль в развитии нейродегенеративных заболеваний центральной нервной системы и сетчатки. В ряде исследований отмечено, что избыточный вес и ожирение связано с риском развития глаукомы. Показатели липидного обмена также имели определенную связь с риском развития глаукомного процесса. Для коррекции нарушений липидного обмена активно используется группа препаратов — статинов. Последние исследования показывают, что они могут оказывать не только гиполипидемическое действие. Так, в ряде работ продемонстрировано улучшение кровообращения и нейропротекторный эффект.

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