Анализ эффективности и безопасности имплантации дренажных устройств в хирургии глаукомы

В настоящее время операцией выбора в лечении как первичных, так и вторичных форм глаукомы, несмотря на доказанные побочные эффекты и противоречивость отдаленных гипотензивных результатов, остается трабекулэктомия в сочетании с антиметаболитами. С другой стороны, методы и технологии антиглаукомных вмешательств постоянно совершенствуются, а с появлением дренажных устройств (ДУ) возможности достижения необходимого гипотензивного эффекта и сохранения зрительных функций, даже в прогностически «неблагоприятных» клинических ситуациях, существенно возросли. Дренажные устройства направлены на улучшение оттока внутриглазной жидкости, снижение уровня внутриглазного давления (ВГД) и стабилизацию глаукомной оптической нейропатии. С расширением в клинической практике показаний к имплантации ДУ, специалистам важно знать все преимущества и недостатки различных видов дренажей, возможные осложнения и способы их профилактики. Целью настоящего обзора явилась систематизация литературных данных о видах ДУ, показаниях и нюансах имплантации, послеоперационном уровне ВГД и длительности гипотензивного эффекта, сравнительной эффективности, характерных осложнениях раннего и отдаленного послеоперационных периодов (гиперфильтрация, гипотония, экструзия и обнажение трубки, трофические дефекты, рубцовые трансформации тканей вокруг платформы дренажа, дисфункция эндотелия роговой оболочки), а также способах их профилактики и лечения.

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