Клеточные технологии в лечении заболеваний сетчатки

В статье проанализирован опыт применения клеточных технологий в лечении дегенеративных заболеваний сетчатки. В экспериментальных исследованиях доказана способность стволовых клеток к самообновлению, миграции, интеграции и последующей диф-ференцировке в большинство типов нервных клеток сетчатки, включая фоторецепторные. Описан опыт применения и осложнения, возникающие при применении следующих видов стволовых клеток: клеток пигментного эпителия, нейрональных стволовых клеток, мезенхимальных стволовые клеток, клеток костного мозга, стволовых клеток пуповинной крови, индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток. Обсуждаются основные механизмы действия клеток, а именно: замещающая терапия и паракринный эффект. Отмечена роль стволовых клеток в индукции ангиогенеза, подавлении местной воспалительной реакции и апоптоза. В заключении авторами описывается методика применения гемопоэтических клеток пуповинной крови человека для восстановления нарушений зрения при нормотензивной глаукоме.

стволовые клетки, гемопоэтические клетки пуповинной крови, глаукома, паракринный эффект, ангиогенез, stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells of human umbilical cord blood, glaucoma, paracrine effect, angiogenesis

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